{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T23:55:46Z","timestamp":1775001346660,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7438,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although <jats:italic>Toxocara canis<\/jats:italic>, an important pathogen of ocular disease, tends to migrate to the eye, the precise migratory route has yet to be determined experimentally. Mongolian gerbils, <jats:italic>Meriones unguiculatus<\/jats:italic>, known as a useful animal model for human toxocariasis, were used to investigate the migration route toward the eyes. Infective larvae of <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic> were directly inoculated into the intracranial region. Haemorrhagic lesions or larvae were observed in 56.3% of cases. Histopathologically, a larva was observed in the optic nerve of gerbils 6 days after inoculation, and two larvae were found in the optic chiasma in the gerbils having a haemorrhage in the retina 9 days after inoculation. These results indicate that <jats:italic>T. canis<\/jats:italic> migrates from the brain to the eye through the optic nerve. Considering these data and previous studies showing that the ocular changes appear as early as 3 days of infection in the oral-administrated gerbils, there are two phases in the migration to the retina: a haematogenous early phase and an optic nerve route late phase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/joh2003186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,26]],"date-time":"2004-02-26T22:45:03Z","timestamp":1077835503000},"page":"311-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Evidence for the involvement of the optic nerve as a migration route for larvae in ocular toxocariasis of Mongolian 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