{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:14:07Z","timestamp":1790075647984,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7072,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urine samples were assayed for urinary schistosomiasis in four local government areas (LGA) of Imo State, Nigeria between May 1998 and September 2000. A total of 3504 persons were sampled, with 880 (25.1%) being positive for urinary schistosomiasis, based on records of eggs of<jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>. The prevalence of<jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>infection differed in the various LGAs, with Oguta (38.9%) and Owerri-West (10.4%) showing the highest and the lowest values, respectively. Prevalence was higher in males (67.4%) than in females (32.6%) and in subjects 11\u201320 years of age (31.5%), while prevalence varied among different occupational groups, with farmers ranking the highest (41.6%). Visible haematuria was the predominant symptom (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Of 880 persons positive for eggs of<jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>, 452 (51.4%) had visible haematuria, followed by suprapubic pains 214 (24.3%) and painful micturition 97 (11.0%). Although 367 (10. 5%) of the sampled subjects with eggs of<jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic>showed no visible haematuria, 513 (14.6%) clearly demonstrated haematuria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/joh2004251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T23:41:04Z","timestamp":1101944464000},"page":"337-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The prevalence, intensity and clinical signs of urinary schistosomiasis in Imo state, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"C.G.","family":"Okoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.O.E.","family":"Iwuala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref024","first-page":"159","article-title":"Schistosoma haematobium cercaria transmission patterns in fresh water systems of Anambra State, Nigeria","volume":"31","author":"Okafor","year":"1990","journal-title":"Angewandte Parasitologie"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1977.11687161"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref019","first-page":"179","article-title":"Rapid low-cost, two-step method to screen for urinary schistosomiasis at the district level: the Kilosa experience","volume":"69","author":"Lengeler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1978.11719347"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref008","first-page":"177","article-title":"Urinary schistosomiasis in Toro Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria","volume":"29","author":"Anosike","year":"1992","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref031","first-page":"131","article-title":"Human community ecology of urinary schistosomiasis in relation to snail vector bionomics in the Igwun River Basin Nigeria","volume":"41","author":"Udonsi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref025","first-page":"193","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis in schoolchildren in Abeokuta","volume":"46","author":"Oldenburg","year":"1942","journal-title":"Tropical Annals of Medicine Journal"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1963.11686184"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref016","first-page":"55","article-title":"Prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma infections among primary school children in Bauchi state, Nigeria","volume":"10","author":"Istifanus","year":"1989","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref017","volume-title":"A medical laboratory guide for developing countries","author":"King","year":"1973"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1996.11813041"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref030","first-page":"89","article-title":"Epidemiology of human Schistosoma haematobium infection around Volta Lake, Ghana","volume":"60","author":"Scott","year":"1982","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/127.5.595"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref021","first-page":"34","article-title":"Urinary schistosomiasis among school children in an endemic community in south-eastern Nigeria","volume":"36","author":"Nduka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Parasitology"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref029","first-page":"425","article-title":"Egg counts as estimate of intensity of infection with Schistosoma haematobium","volume":"15","author":"Scott","year":"1957","journal-title":"Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"S0022149X00703245_ref035","volume-title":"Technical Report. 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