{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T14:04:14Z","timestamp":1761487454690},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":6798,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Helminthol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>As part of a urinary schistosomiasis control programme on Zanzibar, an aged cross-sectional survey of 305 children from three schools on Unguja was conducted to investigate the relationships between levels of excreted albumin and haemoglobin in urine and <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic> infection status. Diagnosis was determined by standard parasitological methods, dipstick reagents for microhaematuria, visual inspection for macrohaematuria as well as collection of case-history questionnaire data for self-diagnosis. Prevalence of infection as determined by parasitology was 53.9% and approximately, one quarter of the children examined were anaemic (&lt;11 g dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). A statistically significant negative association of blood haemoglobin levels of boys and <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> infection intensity status was observed (r<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>=\u22120.23, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=0.005). Through sensitivity analysis of urine-albumin values it was determined that a concentration of above &gt;40 mg l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, as measured with the HemoCue urine-albumin photometer, had sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 0.90, 0.83, 0.86 and 0.89 respectively against \u2018gold-standard\u2019 parasitology. There was a clear association of reported pain upon micturition for children with elevated urine-albumin levels, with an odds ratio of 20 to 1. Levels of excreted blood in urine were quantified with the HemoCue Plasma\/Low Hb photometer. However, dipsticks remain the method of choice for urine-haemoglobin of 0.1 g l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and below. Urine parameters over a 24-h period were assessed in a small sub-sample. Reductions in both albumin and haemoglobin excretion were observed in 11 children 54 days after praziquantel treatment. It was concluded that these rapid, high-through-put, portable HemoCue assays could play a role in better describing and monitoring the occurrence, severity and evolution of urinary schistosomiasis disease. The urine-albumin assay has particular promise as a biochemical marker of <jats:italic>S. haematobium<\/jats:italic> induced kidney- and upper urinary tract-morbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/joh2005305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,12]],"date-time":"2005-09-12T22:05:11Z","timestamp":1126562711000},"page":"199-206","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Urinary schistosomiasis on Zanzibar: application of two novel assays for the detection of excreted albumin and haemoglobin in urine"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Rollinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.V.","family":"Klinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.F.","family":"Mgeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.S.","family":"Khamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.R.","family":"Stothard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref016","volume-title":"Basic laboratory methods in medical parasitology","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref005","first-page":"771","article-title":"A longitudinal study of endemic urinary schistosomiasis in a small east African community","volume":"40","author":"Forsyth","year":"1969","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref001","first-page":"139","article-title":"A comparison of ultrasonography, intravenous pyelography and cystoscopy in detection of urinary-tract lesions due to Schistosoma haematobium","volume":"43","author":"Burki","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Tropica"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00032-9"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66457-4"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90421-9"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.954"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(02)00045-1"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90063-H"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000075545"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref002","first-page":"36","article-title":"Rapid assessment indicators when monitoring schistosomiasis control","volume":"94","author":"Chippaux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Pathologie Exotique"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001008046"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(00)00116-9"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(97)90504-6"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90406-2"},{"key":"S0022149X00703609_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095283690200095X"}],"container-title":["Journal of Helminthology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0022149X00703609","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T02:26:48Z","timestamp":1712888808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0022149X00703609\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022149X00703609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/joh2005305","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-149X","1475-2697"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-149X","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2697","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}}}