{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T10:42:39Z","timestamp":1783334559630,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,14]],"date-time":"2007-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1197590400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1291,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nutr. Res. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Epidemiological studies find that whole-grain intake is protective against cancer, CVD, diabetes, and obesity. Despite recommendations to consume three servings of whole grains daily, usual intake in Western countries is only about one serving\/d. Whole grains are rich in nutrients and phytochemicals with known health benefits. Whole grains have high concentrations of dietary fibre, resistant starch, and oligosaccharides. Whole grains are rich in antioxidants including trace minerals and phenolic compounds and these compounds have been linked to disease prevention. Other protective compounds in whole grains include phytate, phyto-oestrogens such as lignan, plant stanols and sterols, and vitamins and minerals. Published whole-grain feeding studies report improvements in biomarkers with whole-grain consumption, such as weight loss, blood-lipid improvement, and antioxidant protection. Although it is difficult to separate the protective properties of whole grains from dietary fibre and other components, the disease protection seen from whole grains in prospective epidemiological studies far exceeds the protection from isolated nutrients and phytochemicals in whole grains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/nrr200374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,29]],"date-time":"2004-06-29T21:24:47Z","timestamp":1088544287000},"page":"99-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":453,"title":["Whole grains and human health"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Joanne","family":"Slavin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref091","first-page":"899","article-title":"Phytosterols and health implications \u2013 efficacy and nutritional aspects","volume":"12","author":"Yankah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inform"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408399509527714"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.9.1099"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00008"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref085","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture (2000) Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee 2000. www.ars.usda.gov\/dgac\/2kdiet.pdf"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601283"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/25.9.926"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589609514472"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.21171"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref079","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Whole-Grain Foods in Health and Disease","author":"Spiller","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20013891081683"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2002221"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540300040031"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref068","first-page":"353","article-title":"Do whole-grain oat cereals reduce the need for antihypertensive medications and improve blood pressure control?","volume":"51","author":"Pins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Family Practice"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref064","first-page":"233","volume-title":"Whole-Grain Foods in Health and Disease","author":"Pereira","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.6.1417"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2002223"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6098.1307"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref059","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Whole-Grain Foods in Health and Disease","author":"Miller","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref058","first-page":"453","volume-title":"CRC Handbook of Dietary Fiber","author":"Miller","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2003242"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(02)90228-2"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref054","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition","author":"McPherson","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.4.967"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2002218"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.3.412"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.594"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.9.1409","article-title":"A prospective study of whole grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in U.S. women","volume":"90","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9604403"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.6.1094"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10341"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref036","first-page":"301","volume-title":"Whole-Grain Foods in Health and Disease","author":"Kantor","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.2.254"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/43.4.516"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6654.958"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hq1201.100258"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2002601"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2000.10718968"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601133"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.3.322"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.6.542"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/47.4.675"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(03)00470-X"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.2.385"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00052777"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.3.535"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980703)77:1<24::AID-IJC5>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2000.10718915"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.1.30"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref005","first-page":"688S","article-title":"Food properties affecting the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates","volume":"59S","author":"Bjorck","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref004","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Whole-Grain Foods in Health and Disease","author":"Anderson","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899709113696"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.5.865"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.6.1830"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.4.837"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.4.921"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90192-2"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2002219"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref013","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Whole-Grain Foods in Health and Disease","author":"Fulcher","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.5.920"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4731(86)90067-1"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.5.942"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.2.390"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/113.8.1464"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(01)00194-8"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.3.459s"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1985.tb01427.x"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref066","first-page":"231","article-title":"The association of whole grain intake and fasting insulin in a biracial cohort of young adults: the CARDIA study","volume":"1","author":"Pereira","year":"1998","journal-title":"CVD Prevention"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.2.248"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref084","volume-title":"Pyramid Servings Data \u2013 Results from USDA's 1994\u20131996 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.2001.0918"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.16.1539"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.622"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.4.545"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530300031036"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.40.2.223"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref074","volume-title":"Normal Human Aging: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging","author":"Shock","year":"1984"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.13.1147"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/75.5.848"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.4.767"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref086","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.5.1156"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635589809514647"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.1.148"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540240035027"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2002226"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2720"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2000.10718969"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.527"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref018","first-page":"189","article-title":"Metabolic responses to starch in oat and wheat products. On the importance of food structure, incomplete gelatinization or presence of viscous dietary fibre","volume":"49","author":"Granfeldt","year":"1995","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914nc392_4"},{"key":"S0954422404000095_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0205099"}],"container-title":["Nutrition Research Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0954422404000095","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T21:05:11Z","timestamp":1557176711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0954422404000095\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0954422404000095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/nrr200374","relation":{},"ISSN":["0954-4224","1475-2700"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0954-4224","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2700","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}}}