{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T03:10:23Z","timestamp":1774321823479,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":2041,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980001000763_sec01\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the association between nutrition and health in an adult urban homeless population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980001000763_sec02\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional \u2013 nutritional state (body mass index (BMI), triceps skinfold (TSF), upper arm circumference), dietary habits (food frequency), socio-demographic data and self-stated diseases were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980001000763_sec03\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four sites for homeless people in Kiel and Hamburg, Germany.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980001000763_sec04\"><jats:title>Subjects:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sample of 75 homeless people (60 males, 15 females) aged 19\u201362 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980001000763_sec05\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A lack of food was not found in the majority of the homeless. Seventy-six per cent of the study population showed a normal dietary pattern. Critical food groups were fresh fruit and vegetables, rice and noodles. However, 52 or 29% of the homeless were malnourished (i.e. they were below the 25th or 5th percentile of arm muscle area). In addition, 22.7% of the homeless were obese (i.e. BMI&gt;30 kg m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>and\/or TSF&gt;90th percentile). Almost two-thirds of the population suffered from at least one chronic disease (prevalence of nutrition-related disorders 33.3%, gastrointestinal disorders 32.0%, dental diseases 22.7%, psychiatric disorders 18.7%, wasting diseases 6.7%). Smoking (prevalence rate 82%), drinking alcohol (51%) and drug abuse (20%) were frequent among homeless people. Food intake was not related to nutritional state, the prevalence of chronic diseases or addiction habits. By contrast, a poor nutritional state was associated with drug abuse and the prevalence of wasting diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980001000763_sec06\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevention of nutritional problems should be directed to health-related problems such as the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases and addiction habits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2000119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,3]],"date-time":"2008-06-03T15:08:27Z","timestamp":1212505707000},"page":"805-811","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Nutrition and health in an adult urban homeless population in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kristina","family":"Langn\u00e4se","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manfred J","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327655jchn0802_2"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430140091031"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref017","volume-title":"Gesundheitssituation: Gesundheitszustand und Gesundheitsverhalten von alleinstehenden, wohnungslosen Menschen im sozialen Kontext ihrer Lebenssituation [Health Status and Health Behaviour of Single Homeless People in Relation to their Life Situation]","author":"Trabert","year":"1985"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430100086034"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref014","volume-title":"Ern\u00e4hrung in Armut [Poverty in Welfare Societies]","author":"Feichtinger","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref013","first-page":"289","article-title":"Kurzmethoden zur Charakterisierung des Ern\u00e4hrungsmusters: Einsatz und Auswertung eines Food-Frequency-Fragebogens [Shortened methods for characterizing dietary patterns: evaluation of a food frequency questionnaire]","volume":"42","author":"Winkler","year":"1995","journal-title":"EU"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref018","first-page":"448","article-title":"Determinants of undernutrition among homeless adults","volume":"110","author":"Gelberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref015","volume-title":"Ern\u00e4hrung in Armut [Poverty in Welfare Societies]","author":"Kutsch","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref019","volume-title":"Health Care of Homeless People","author":"Winick","year":"1985"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref016","volume-title":"Gesundheits-\/Krankkheitsstatus und arbeitsbedingte Erkrankungen von alleinstehenden Wohnungslosen [Health Status and Work-related Disorders of Single Homeless]","author":"Locher","year":"1990"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-12-199706150-00007"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)01800-9","article-title":"Health and nutrition survey in a group of urban homeless adults","volume":"90","author":"Luder","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)00739-2","article-title":"Wasting malnutrition and inadequate nutrient intakes identified in a multiethnic homeless population","volume":"92","author":"Wolgemuth","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026010609400900404"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000177906"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref009","volume-title":"Weibliche Wohnungsnot [Homelessness of Women]","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref022","volume-title":"Homelessness, Health and Human Needs","year":"1988"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref001","first-page":"451","article-title":"Assessment of the nutritional status of urban homeless adults","volume":"104","author":"Luder","year":"1989","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref007","unstructured":"7 Evers J , Ruhstrat EU . Wohnungsnotf\u00e4lle in Schleswig-Holstein im Spannungsfeld zwischen Sozial-, Ordnungs- und Wohnungspolitik [Housing Shortages in Schleswig-Holstein in the Context of Social, Order and Housing Policy].Kiel, 1994 (in German)."},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref003","first-page":"312","article-title":"The nutritional status and dietary adequacy of single homeless women and their children in shelters","volume":"107","author":"Drake","year":"1992","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref008","volume-title":"Statistikbericht 1992\/93 [Statistics Report 1992\/93]","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.12198"},{"key":"S1368980001000763_ref012","volume-title":"Materialien zur Gesundheitsforschung \u2013 Die Nationale Verzehrsstudie: Ergebnisse der Basisauswertung [The National Food Consumption Study: Results of the Basic Evaluation]","year":"1991"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980001000763","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,11]],"date-time":"2021-09-11T14:33:51Z","timestamp":1631370831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980001000763\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980001000763"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/phn2000119","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}}}