{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T12:36:07Z","timestamp":1725971767878},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1311,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000326_sec01\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact on vitamin A status of the distribution of vitamin A during national immunisation days (NIDs) has not been well established despite strong promotion by international agencies and donors. Using a pre\u2013post design, the change in prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was examined in pre-school children in Mali.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000326_sec02\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Mopti region, the first in March 1997 before this strategy was adopted and the second in March 1999, four-and-a-half months after a mass distribution of vitamin A during NIDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000326_sec03\"><jats:title>Subjects and setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared the vitamin A status of children aged 12 to 66 months targeted in 1999 by NIDs with the status of children in the same age group in 1997. Infectious events of the previous two weeks were concurrently recorded. Within the 1999 sample, the status of recipient and non-recipient children was also compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000326_sec04\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 1997, the prevalence of xerophthalmia (defined by the presence of night blindness and\/or Bitot spots) was 6.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.1\u20139.2) and the modified retinol dose response (MRDR) test proved abnormal in 77.8% of 12\u201366-month-old children (95% CI 68.27\u201385.17). In 1999 this picture had improved significantly, both for xerophthalmia prevalence, 3.3% (95% CI 2.1\u20135.2), and abnormal MRDR test response, 63.1% (95% CI 54.25\u201371.23). The infectious morbidity rates between 1997 and 1999 tended to decrease. No significant improvement was found among children older than those targeted by NIDs. In 1999, children who received vitamin A had a lower risk for xerophthalmia (3.0% for recipients vs. 8.7% for non-recipients) and experienced fewer infectious events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000326_sec05\"><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical and biological vitamin A status of pre-school children improved between 1997 and 1999. Mass distribution of vitamin A appears to reduce the occurrence of xerophthalmia and would seem to be associated with a decrease in other related illnesses. Vitamin A supplementation during NIDs should be given a high priority when vitamin A deficiency remains a public health problem.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2002432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,8]],"date-time":"2003-05-08T22:48:15Z","timestamp":1052434095000},"page":"233-240","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["National immunisation days and vitamin A distribution in Mali: has the vitamin A status of pre-school children improved?"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"JF","family":"Sch\u00e9mann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Banou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Malvy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Guindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Traore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Momo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref013","volume-title":"Indicators for Assessing Vitamin A Deficiency and Their Application in Monitoring and Evaluating Intervention Programmes","year":"1996"},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref014","volume-title":"Vitamin A Deficiency and Its Consequences, A Field Guide to Detection and Control","author":"Sommer","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1177\/156482659401500414","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation and morbidity and mortality in developing countries","volume":"15","author":"Beaton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Food Nutr. Bull."},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref006","first-page":"158","article-title":"Les strat\u00e9gies de lutte contre les d\u00e9ficits en vitamine A","volume":"8","author":"Traor\u00e9","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sant\u00e9"},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref005","volume-title":"Progress of Nations","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref008","volume-title":"Recensement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la population et de l'habitat du Mali (RGPH)","year":"1987"},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2857S"},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref016","first-page":"190","article-title":"The vitamin A status of Zambian children attending an under five clinic as evaluated by the Modified Relative Dose Response (MRDR) test","volume":"66","author":"Kafwembe","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref004","first-page":"228","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency and attributable mortality among under-5-year-old","volume":"70","author":"Humphrey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Org."},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref010","volume-title":"How to Use the HKI Frequency Method to Assess Community Risk of Vitamin A Deficiency","year":"1994"},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.12.3316"},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.1.67"},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref009","first-page":"929","article-title":"Use and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status","volume":"64","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Org."},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref012","first-page":"148","article-title":"The modified relative dose response assay as an indicator of vitamin A status in a population of well-nourished American children","volume":"60","author":"Tanumihardjo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref015","first-page":"456","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency and protein\u2013energy malnutrition in a sample of preschool age children in the Kivu Province in Za\u00efre","volume":"50","author":"Donnen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.2.451"},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref020","volume-title":"EDS: Enqu\u00eate D\u00e9mographique et de Sant\u00e9","year":"1996"},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.1.142"},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref001","first-page":"305","article-title":"Polio as a platform: using national immunization days to deliver vitamin A supplements","volume":"78","author":"Goodman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Org."},{"key":"S1368980003000326_ref007","volume-title":"Methods of Assessment of Avoidable Blindness","year":"1980"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980003000326","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T23:07:04Z","timestamp":1557184024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980003000326\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980003000326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/phn2002432","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}}}