{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:25:48Z","timestamp":1789381548516,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,22]],"date-time":"2006-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1166745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1178,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000880_sec01\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify the factors associated with childhood undernutrition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000880_sec02\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000880_sec03\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hlabisa health district in KwaZulu\/Natal, South Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000880_sec04\"><jats:title>Subjects:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight hundred and sixty-eight children aged 3\u201359 months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000880_sec05\"><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Questionnaire survey and anthropometric survey of 516 random house-holds with children in the health district. Multivariate analysis took into account the hierarchical relationships between the proposed risk factors. This conceptual model was built up during qualitative studies and with reference to international research in this area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000880_sec06\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean Z-scores for weight-for-age and height-for-age were \u22120.52 (95% confidence interval (CI)\u22120.44 to \u22120.60) and \u22121.25 (95% CI \u22121.15 to \u22121.35), respectively. Of the children, 26.3% (95% CI 23.3\u201329.3%) were stunted, 12.0% (95% CI 9.8\u20134.2%) were underweight-for-age (UWFA) and only 1.3% were wasted. Migrant father, mother's education, literate mother, whether the house was made of traditional materials, the presence of a toilet, whether the last child was breast-fed, duration of breast-feeding and birth weight were found to be significantly related to UWFA, the latter with an odds ratio of more than eight.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000880_sec07\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>While there are individual health and feeding behaviours that need to be addressed, this study has also uncovered the maternal and socio-economic factors which present an array of constraints in the social environment shaping the infant feeding and caring practices employed by women. For the full potential of nutrition promotion activities to be realised, there is a need to address some of these \u2018deeper\u2019 constraints.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2003477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,12]],"date-time":"2003-10-12T00:02:24Z","timestamp":1065916944000},"page":"645-652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Risk factors for undernutrition of young children in a rural area of South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mickey","family":"Chopra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980003000880_ref020","volume-title":"Women and Nutrition","author":"Quanine","year":"1990"},{"key":"S1368980003000880_ref011","volume-title":"Report of Situational Analysis in South 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