{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:13:35Z","timestamp":1761707615505},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,22]],"date-time":"2006-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1166745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1178,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000946_sec01\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine associations of changes in dietary intake with education in young black and white men and women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000946_sec02\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a multi-centre population-based prospective study. Dietary intake data at baseline and year 7 were obtained from an extensive nutritionist-administered diet history questionnaire with 700 items developed for CARDIA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000946_sec03\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were recruited in 1985\u20131986 from four sites: Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Oakland, California.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000946_sec04\"><jats:title>Subjects:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were from a general community sample of 703 black men (BM), 1006 black women (BW), 963 white men (WM) and 1054 white women (WW) who were aged 18\u201330 years at baseline. Analyses here include data for baseline (1985\u20131986) and year 7 (1992\u20131993).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000946_sec05\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most changes in dietary intake were observed among those with high education (\u2265 12 years) at both examinations. There was a significant decrease in intake of energy from saturated fat and cholesterol and a significant increase in energy from starch for each race-gender group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.001). Regardless of education, taste was considered an important influence on food choice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980003000946_sec06\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inverse relationship of education with changes in saturated fat and cholesterol intakes suggests that national public health campaigns may have a greater impact among those with more education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2003488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,12]],"date-time":"2003-10-12T00:02:24Z","timestamp":1065916944000},"page":"689-695","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association of education with dietary intake among young adults in the bi-ethnic Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"SL","family":"Archer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JE","family":"Hilner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AR","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KJ","family":"Greenlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"LA","family":"Colangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CI","family":"Kiefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980003000946_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026010608700500211"},{"key":"S1368980003000946_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(99)00114-2"},{"key":"S1368980003000946_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)43949-0","article-title":"The dietary history as a tool in research","volume":"23","author":"Burke","year":"1947","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association"},{"key":"S1368980003000946_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)01599-6","article-title":"Determinants of food consumption","volume":"90","author":"Parraga","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association"},{"key":"S1368980003000946_ref015","volume-title":"Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA): Year O Exam Manual of Operations","year":"1985"},{"key":"S1368980003000946_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7093.1545"},{"key":"S1368980003000946_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009233"},{"key":"S1368980003000946_ref023","first-page":"15","article-title":"A study of the reliability and comparative validity of the CARDIA dietary history","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ethnicity and Disease"},{"key":"S1368980003000946_ref016","volume-title":"Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA): Year 7 Exam Protocol","year":"1992"},{"key":"S1368980003000946_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(21)07997-9","article-title":"Sources of data for developing and maintaining a nutrient database","volume":"88","author":"Schakel","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dietetic Association"},{"key":"S1368980003000946_ref039","first-page":"2082","article-title":"Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults. 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