{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T05:28:53Z","timestamp":1734586133116,"version":"3.30.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":853,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980004000990_sec01\"><jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a paucity of data on the micronutrient status of low-income, lactating South African women and their infants under 6 months of age. The aim of this study was to elucidate the level of anaemia and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in peri-urban breast-feeding women and their young infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980004000990_sec02\"><jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional study including anthropometric, biochemical and infant feeding data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980004000990_sec03\"><jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peri-urban settlement in Cape Town, South Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980004000990_sec04\"><jats:title>Subjects:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breast-feeding women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 113) and their infants (aged 1\u20136 months) attending a peri-urban clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980004000990_sec05\"><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean (standard deviation (SD)) haemoglobin (Hb) of the lactating mothers was 12.4 (1.3) gdl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, with 32% found to be anaemic (Hb &lt; 12 g dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Maternal serum retinol was 49.8 (SD 13.3) \u03bcg dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, with 4.5% VAD. Using breast milk, mean (SD) retinol concentration was found to be 70.6 (24.6) \u03bcg dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>and 15.7 (8.3) \u03bcg\/g milk fat, with 13% below the cut-off level of &lt;8\u03bcg\/g fat. There was no correlation found between breast milk retinol and infant serum retinol.<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>-scores (SD) of height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height were \u20130.69 (0.81), 0.89 (1.01) and 1.78 (0.83), respectively. Mean (SD) infant Hb was 10.9 (1.1) g dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, with the prevalence of anaemia being 50%, 33% and 12% using Hb cut-offs below 11 g dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 10.5 g dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>and 9.5 g dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively. Mean (SD) infant serum retinol was 26.9 (7.2) \u03bcg dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, with 10% being VAD. None of the infants was exclusively breast-fed, 22% were predominantly breast-fed and 787percnt; received complementary (mixed) breast-feeding. Thirty-two per cent of infants received weaning foods at an exceptionally young age (\u22641 month old).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980004000990_sec06\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A high rate of anaemia is present in lactating women residing in resource-poor settings. Moreover, their seemingly healthy infants under 6 months of age are at an elevated risk of developing early-onset anaemia and at lower risk of VAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2004612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,27]],"date-time":"2004-09-27T23:54:34Z","timestamp":1096329274000},"page":"813-820","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Full-term, peri-urban South African infants under 6 months of age are at risk for early-onset anaemia"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"LN","family":"Sibeko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MA","family":"Dhansay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KE","family":"Charlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Johns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ME","family":"Van Stuijvenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Gray-Donald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S1368980004000990_ref045","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)80439-3"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S1368980004000990_ref044","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/46.3.160"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S1368980004000990_ref043","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6801.493"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S1368980004000990_ref042","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980099000233"},{"key":"S1368980004000990_ref041","first-page":"703","article-title":"Breast-milk vitamin A as an indicator of the vitamin A status of women and infants","volume":"73","author":"Stoltzfus","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S1368980004000990_ref038","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.3.799"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S1368980004000990_ref037","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(08)60015-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S1368980004000990_ref034","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.2.199"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S1368980004000990_ref033","DOI":"10.1080\/080352500750043882"},{"key":"S1368980004000990_ref030","first-page":"378","article-title":"The prevalence of iron deficiency in apparently healthy Cape coloured infants","volume":"65","author":"Kirsten","year":"1984","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"S1368980004000990_ref029","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.12.3680"},{"volume-title":"Prevention and Control of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Women and Children","year":"1999","key":"S1368980004000990_ref027"},{"key":"S1368980004000990_ref026","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the Use of Iron Supplements to Prevent and Treat Iron Deficiency Anemia","author":"Stoltzfus","year":"1998"},{"key":"S1368980004000990_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.4.786","article-title":"Muherdiyantiningsih Mulilal. 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