{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:18:07Z","timestamp":1792037887134,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":488,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980005000789_sec01\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the serum levels of three lipid-soluble antioxidants (retinol, \u03b2-carotene and \u03b1-tocopherol) in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic (ANC) in Gondar, Ethiopia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980005000789_sec02\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study involving laboratory determination of serum levels of retinol, \u03b1-tocopherol and \u03b2-carotene using high-performance liquid chromatography and questionnaire-based assessment of socio-economic status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980005000789_sec03\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>ANC of a university teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980005000789_sec04\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred and twenty-two healthy pregnant women in their third trimester, who attended the ANC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980005000789_sec05\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean serum levels of retinol, \u03b1-tocopherol and \u03b2-carotene were found to be 1.23\u00b10.5, 25.5\u00b10.9 and 0.21\u00b10.09 \u03bcmol l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (&lt;1.05 \u03bcmol l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) among pregnant women was 38.5%. Women having low retinol (vitamin A) levels were highly likely to live in earth-floored and mud-walled houses, and less likely to own a house and to have a latrine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980005000789_sec06\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study shows that serum levels of lipid-soluble antioxidants were low among ANC attendees in northern Ethiopia. It also indicates that some socio-economic factors (such as poor housing standard) are associated with vitamin A deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2004709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,17]],"date-time":"2005-10-17T21:10:13Z","timestamp":1129583413000},"page":"582-587","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Lipid-soluble antioxidants status and some of its socio-economic determinants among pregnant Ethiopians at the third 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