{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:53:19Z","timestamp":1784555599228,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":488,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin A deficiency is a major global public health problem. Among the variety of techniques that are available for assessing human vitamin A status, evaluating the provitamin A nutritional values of foodstuffs and estimating human vitamin A requirements, isotope dilution provides the most accurate estimates. Although the relative expense of isotope dilution restricts its applications, it has an important function as the standard of reference for other techniques. Mathematical modelling plays an indispensable role in the interpretation of isotope dilution data. This review summarises recent applications of stable isotope methodology to determine human vitamin A status, estimate human vitamin A requirements, and calculate the bioconversion and bioefficacy of food carotenoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2004715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,17]],"date-time":"2005-10-17T21:10:13Z","timestamp":1129583413000},"page":"596-607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Stable isotope dilution techniques for assessing vitamin A status and bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids in humans"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Harold C","family":"Furr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie","family":"Haskell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najat","family":"Mokhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Nestel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy D","family":"Ribaya-Mercado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangwen","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry","family":"Tanumihardjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emorn","family":"Wasantwisut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01945454"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.1.67"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-000-0531-0"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/49.4.713"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)42338-7","article-title":"Retinol metabolism in rats with low vitamin A status: a compartmental model","volume":"31","author":"Lewis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nu.10.070190.000353"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref007","first-page":"99","article-title":"Method for the assessment of vitamin A liver stores","volume":"31","author":"Bausch","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Vitaminologica et Enzymologica"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0083-6729(08)60014-X"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.72.1.40"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref002","first-page":"1","volume-title":"A Brief Guide to Current Methods of Assessing Vitamin A Status","author":"van Agtmaal","year":"1993"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.2.259"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.9.2917"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref035","first-page":"A157","article-title":"Vitamin A value of spinach and carrots as assessed using a stable isotope reference method","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB Journal"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.5.874"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(97)82103-9"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.694"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/25.3.291","article-title":"Vitamin A concentration in human tissues collected from five areas in the United States","volume":"25","author":"Raica","year":"1972","journal-title":"American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.2.455"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref006","first-page":"231","article-title":"A method for the estimation of the vitamin A status of rats","volume":"46","author":"Hughes","year":"1976","journal-title":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.5.1291"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-640250-6.50007-7"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/45.4.704"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref014","first-page":"1439","article-title":"Serum levels of vitamin A and carotenoids as reflectors of nutritional status","volume":"73","author":"Olson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/117.1.220"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.3.681"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.6.1069"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.2.413"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref020","first-page":"3","article-title":"Deuterated-retinol-dilution approach for longitudinal monitoring of health and nutritional interventions involving vitamin A","author":"Ribaya-Mercado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sight and Life Newsletter"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/69.2.278"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref025","first-page":"84","article-title":"Vitamin A reserves of Canadians","volume":"101","author":"Hoppner","year":"1969","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref028","first-page":"371","article-title":"Quantification of the \u2018SLAMENGHI\u2019 factors for carotenoid bioavailability and bioconversion","volume":"68","author":"West","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2318","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.11.2318","article-title":"Solid-phase extraction protocol for isolating retinol-d4 and retinol from plasma for parallel processing for epidemiological studies","volume":"39","author":"Dueker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.9.2915"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.3.705"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS19990021"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2003.08.004"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M300116-JLR200"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac000454e"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.5.949"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0300240"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.3.348"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(97)82102-7"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)34310-8","article-title":"A multicompartmental model of vitamin A kinetics in rats with marginal liver vitamin A stores","volume":"26","author":"Green","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf021245t"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-001-0842-1"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref056","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Investigating Biological Systems Using Modeling: Strategies and Software","author":"Wastney","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00063a006"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.11.2844"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)31972-6","article-title":"Long-term kinetic study of \u03b2-carotene, using accelerator mass spectrometry in an adult volunteer","volume":"41","author":"Dueker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid Research"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)90035-Y"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref055","volume-title":"SAAM Manual","author":"Berman","year":"1978"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-5860-9"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20031030"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/66.1.186"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4568","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)43702-2","article-title":"Chloroplast membrane proteins. II. Solubilization of the lipophilic components","volume":"248","author":"McEvoy","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(97)00017-X"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.4.633"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.1.90"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2857S"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/124.8.1265"},{"key":"S1368980005000807_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.1.290S"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980005000807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T16:42:39Z","timestamp":1626626559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980005000807\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980005000807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/phn2004715","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}}}