{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T08:41:09Z","timestamp":1778575269702,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":488,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980005000765_sec01\"><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency and vitamin A status among school-aged children in rural Kazakhstan and identify factors associated with anaemia in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980005000765_sec02\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980005000765_sec03\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>School-aged children in rural Kazakhstan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980005000765_sec04\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Socio-economic and anthropometric information was collected from 159 school-aged children living in the Kzyl-Orda region of Kazakhstan. Blood samples were collected and the concentrations of haemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, serum ferritin (SF), erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP), serum retinol and \u03b2-carotene, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TS) and other haematological indices were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980005000765_sec05\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 159 children, the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency defined by the multiple criteria model (SF, TS and EP) was 27% and 13%, respectively. Nine per cent had iron-deficiency anaemia and 21% had serum retinol value &lt;1.05 \u03bcmol l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Mean SF and serum iron concentrations and TS were significantly lower in anaemic children than in their non-anaemic peers, while TIBC and EP were significantly higher in children with anaemia. Hb was significantly correlated with serum iron and retinol concentrations. Serum retinol and SF concentrations and mean corpuscular volume were significantly correlated with Hb by multiple regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980005000765_sec06\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anaemia among school-aged children in rural Kazakhstan appears to be related to iron indices and vitamin A status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2004717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,17]],"date-time":"2005-10-17T21:10:13Z","timestamp":1129583413000},"page":"564-571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Anaemia, iron deficiency and vitamin A status among school-aged children in rural Kazakhstan"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Hashizume","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Momoko","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigehiro","family":"Iwabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taeko","family":"Shimoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Kunii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wathan","family":"Caypil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damir","family":"Dauletbaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akmaral","family":"Alnazarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.4.867S"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(85)90321-5"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.7.1909"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.1.108"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/48.3.595"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/53.4.839"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref013","volume-title":"How to Weigh and Measure Children: Assessing the Nutritional Status of Young Children in Household Surveys","year":"1986"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref019","first-page":"236","article-title":"Determination of protoporphyrins in blood using HPLC \u2013 standardization of protoporphyrins and interlaboratory comparison of analyses","volume":"34","author":"Sakai","year":"1992","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of Industrial Health"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref031","first-page":"104","article-title":"Severe vitamin A deficiency in a rural village in the Hararge region of Ethiopia","volume":"47","author":"Wolde-Gebriel","year":"1993","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/36.1.87"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref029","first-page":"389","article-title":"Hematological studies in vitamin A deficient children","volume":"47","author":"Mohanram","year":"1977","journal-title":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15099-4"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref021","volume-title":"Preventing and Controlling Iron Deficiency Anemia through Primary Health Care. A Guide for Health Administrators and Programme Managers","author":"De Maeyer","year":"1989"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref002","volume-title":"Kazakhstan Demographic and Health Survey, 1995","year":"1996"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V48.3.449.449","article-title":"Evaluation of the iron status of a population","volume":"48","author":"Cook","year":"1976","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref026","volume-title":"Prevention and Control of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Women and Children","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/49.3.172"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref020","first-page":"349","volume-title":"Principles of Nutritional Assessment","author":"Gibson","year":"1990"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/30.7.1175"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601073"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601320"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(05)80017-X"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.2.332"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref012","volume-title":"Measuring Change in Nutritional Status. Guidelines for Assessing the Nutritional Impact of Supplementary Feeding Programmes for Vulnerable Groups","year":"1983"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/54.5.773"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref015","volume-title":"The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92246-P"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.649S"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09637480310001642466"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref009","first-page":"346","article-title":"Serum retinol and biochemical measures of iron status in adolescent schoolgirls in urban Bangladesh","volume":"50","author":"Ahmed","year":"1996","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600573"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref003","volume-title":"Complementary Feeding and the Control of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in the Newly Independent States","year":"2000"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/58.3.334"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref025","first-page":"113","article-title":"The measurement of free erythrocyte porphyrin (FEP) as a simple means of distinguishing iron deficiency from \u03b2-thalassemia trait in subjects with microcytosis","volume":"85","author":"Stockman","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.48.89"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/32.3.607"},{"key":"S1368980005000765_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09637489709006962"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S1368980005000765","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,10]],"date-time":"2020-04-10T09:53:54Z","timestamp":1586512434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S1368980005000765\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1368980005000765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/phn2004717","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}}}