{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T01:29:05Z","timestamp":1773192545226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":335,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S1368980006000073_sec01\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify individual and contextual factors associated with the practice of exclusive breast-feeding (EBF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980006000073_sec02\" sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed 34 435 children under 6 months of age living in 111 municipalities in the state of S\u00e3o Paulo, south-eastern Brazil, who participated in a survey investigating feeding practices during the first year of life, carried out during the 1999 national vaccination campaign. The questionnaire employed included questions on the consumption, in the last 24 h, of breast milk, water, tea, other types of milk and other foods, in addition to mother and child characteristics. Information on the pro-breast-feeding measures implemented in the municipalities was also collected. The effects of individual and contextual characteristics on EBF were analysed using multilevel models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980006000073_sec03\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The final model showed a greater chance of EBF in women with tertiary education (odds ratio (OR) = 1.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75\u20132.06); women aged between 25 and 29 years (OR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.41\u20131.63); multiparae (OR = 1.42; 95% CI 1.33\u20131.49); female babies (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.05\u20131.18); birth weight \u22653000 g (OR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.49\u20131.97); child follow-up in the private health-care network (OR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.02\u20131.18); and municipalities with four or five pro-breast-feeding measures (OR = 2.4; 95% CI 2.19\u20132.88). An analysis of the interactions between individual and contextual variables showed that the presence of at least four pro-breast-feeding measures in the municipality attenuated the risk of early termination of EBF associated with low maternal schooling and low birth weight, and transformed child follow-up in the public network into a protective factor against the early termination of breast-feeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S1368980006000073_sec04\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The presence of measures aimed at protecting, promoting and supporting breast-feeding in the municipality had a positive influence on EBF and attenuated the impact of risk factors for the termination of breast-feeding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2005760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]],"date-time":"2006-02-16T21:46:34Z","timestamp":1140126394000},"page":"40-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Individual and contextual determinants of exclusive breast-feeding in S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil: a multilevel analysis"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sonia Isoyama","family":"Venancio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Augusto","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X1996000500005"},{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2061863"},{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref021","volume-title":"Pesquisa Nacional sobre Demografia e Sa\u00fade","year":"1997"},{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89101996000200009"},{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref012","volume-title":"Excurs\u00e3o a la regresi\u00f3n log\u00edstica en ciencias de la salud","author":"Silva-Ay\u00e7aguer","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref022","first-page":"2972","article-title":"Exclusive breast-feeding duration is associated with attitudinal, socioeconomic and biocultural determinants in three Latin American countries","volume":"125","author":"P\u00e9rez-Escamilla","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref010","year":"1995"},{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref011","unstructured":"11 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o SEADE [homepage]. http:\/\/www.seade.sp.gov.br, 3 06 2001."},{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7308.303"},{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref019","volume-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"Hosmer","year":"1989"},{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref018","volume-title":"MLwiN Macros for Advanced Multilevel Modelling","author":"Yang","year":"1999"},{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref007","volume-title":"54th World Health Assembly, Resolution WHA54.2","year":"2001"},{"key":"S1368980006000073_ref029","unstructured":"29 Giugliani ERJ . 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