{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T16:50:11Z","timestamp":1784825411611,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":335,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Public Health Nutr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec id=\"S136898000600005X_sec01\"><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of anaemia (haemoglobin &lt; 11.0 to 13.0 g dl<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>depending on age and sex group), iron deficiency (transferrin receptor concentration &gt; 8.3 \u03bcg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol &lt; 0.7 \u03bcmoll<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) in adolescent refugees.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898000600005X_sec02\"><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross-sectional surveys.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898000600005X_sec03\"><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya and seven refugee camps in Nepal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898000600005X_sec04\" sec-type=\"subjects\"><jats:title>Subjects<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adolescent refugee residents in these camps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898000600005X_sec05\" sec-type=\"results\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anaemia was present in 46% (95% confidence interval (CI): 42\u201351) of adolescents in Kenya and in 24% (95% CI: 20\u201328) of adolescents in Nepal. The sensitivity of palmar pallor in detecting anaemia was 21%. In addition, 43% (95% CI: 36\u201350) and 53% (95% CI: 46\u201361) of adolescents in Kenya and Nepal, respectively, had iron deficiency. In both surveys, anaemia occurred more commonly among adolescents with iron deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency was found in 15% (95% CI: 10\u201320) of adolescents in Kenya and 30% (95% CI: 24\u201337) of adolescents in Nepal. Night blindness was not more common in adolescents with vitamin A deficiency than in those without vitamin A deficiency. In Kenya, one of the seven adolescents with Bitot's spots had vitamin A deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"S136898000600005X_sec06\" sec-type=\"conclusion\"><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anaemia, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency are common among adolescents in refugee populations. Such adolescents need to increase intakes of these nutrients; however, the lack of routine access makes programmes targeting adolescents difficult. Adolescent refugees should be considered for assessment along with other at-risk groups in displaced populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1079\/phn2005825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,16]],"date-time":"2006-02-16T21:46:34Z","timestamp":1140126394000},"page":"26-34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Anaemia, iron status and vitamin A deficiency among adolescent refugees in Kenya and Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Bradley A","family":"Woodruff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi Michels","family":"Blanck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Slutsker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan T","family":"Cookson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Kay","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arabella","family":"Duffield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref026","volume-title":"Anthropometric and Micronutrient Nutrition Survey: Kakuma Refugee Camp, NW Kenya, 22 March\u201312 April 2001","author":"McBurney","year":"2001"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/40.3.411","article-title":"Retinol, \u03b1-tocopherol, lutein\/zeaxanthin, \u03b2-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, \u03b1-carotene, trans -\u03b2-carotene, and four retinyl esters in serum determined simultaneously by reversed-phase HPLC with multiwavelength detection","volume":"40","author":"Sowell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.2.231"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref033","first-page":"96","article-title":"Current status of vitamin A deficiency and the National Vitamin A Control Program in Nepal: results of the 1998 National Micronutrient Status Survey","volume":"12","author":"Gorstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.9.1675"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2002.00942.x"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01037.x"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref025","volume-title":"Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements","year":"2001"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref024","volume-title":"Epi Info, Version 6: A Word Processing, Database, and Statistics Program for Epidemiology on Microcomputers","author":"Dean","year":"1994"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980099000014"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref023","volume-title":"Indicators for Assessing Vitamin A Deficiency and their Application in Monitoring and Evaluating Intervention Programmes. Micronutrient Series","year":"1996"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.2.430"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref016","volume-title":"Nutritional Status of School Aged Children in Kakuma Refugee Camp: April 1997","year":"1997"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref015","volume-title":"Physical Status: Thex Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry","year":"1995"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref012","first-page":"689","article-title":"Vitamin A supplementation for refugees and famine victims","volume":"66","author":"Nieburg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91143-V"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2002151"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2902S"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.9.2884S"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7183.570"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.5.1510"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref006","first-page":"18","article-title":"Plasma vitamin A and C status of in-school adolescents and associated factors in Enugu State, Nigeria","volume":"21","author":"Ene-Obong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref002","volume-title":"Prevention of Micronutrient Deficiencies: Tools for Policymakers and Public Health Workers","year":"1998"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref001","volume-title":"Adolescents: Assessment of Nutritional Status in Emergency-affected Populations","author":"Woodruff","year":"2000"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref004","first-page":"477","article-title":"Micronutrient profile of Indian children and women: summary of available data for iron and vitamin A","volume":"40","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02723584"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref018","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Protracted refugee and displaced person project Kenya 4961.04: Food assistance for Somali and Sudanese refugees","year":"1998"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref035","first-page":"375","article-title":"Epidemiology of blindness in Nepal","volume":"63","author":"Brilliant","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref022","volume-title":"IDA: Prevention, Assessment and Control","year":"1998"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.5.1170"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601456"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref028","first-page":"209","article-title":"Assessment of the vitamin A status of preschool and school age Senegalese children during a cross-sectional study","volume":"62","author":"Carlier","year":"1992","journal-title":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.6.542"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.164"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref017","volume-title":"Report of the Joint WFP\/UNHCR\/Donor Food Needs Assessment Mission, Kenya: 21 October 1997 to 7 November 1997","year":"1997"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195088243.001.0001","volume-title":"Vitamin A Deficiency","author":"Sommer","year":"1996"},{"key":"S136898000600005X_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.23.020102.075739"}],"container-title":["Public Health Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S136898000600005X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T00:08:25Z","timestamp":1706918905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S136898000600005X\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S136898000600005X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/phn2005825","relation":{},"ISSN":["1368-9800","1475-2727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1368-9800","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]}}}