{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:47:19Z","timestamp":1791089239095,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,7]],"date-time":"2007-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":1222,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proc. Nutr. Soc."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D is produced endogenously when the skin is exposed to sunlight and can be obtained exogenously from a few natural food sources, from food fortification and from supplements. Generally, vitamin D intake is low \u22642\u20133 \u03bcg\/d in Europe. Casual exposure to sunlight is thought to provide most of the vitamin D requirement of the human population. However, skin synthesis of vitamin D may not compensate for the low nutritional intake in Europe, even in countries with high supplies from food fortification and supplements. For assessment of vitamin D nutritional status the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in serum is considered to be an accurate integrative measure reflecting an individual's dietary intake and cutaneous production. A substantial percentage of the elderly and adolescents in Europe have a low concentration of 25(OH)D; in the elderly this percentage ranges from approximately 10 in the Nordic countries to approximately 40 in France. Low vitamin D status seems to be aggravated by disease and immobility, and by a low frequency of supplement use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/pns2003297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,12]],"date-time":"2004-03-12T21:23:10Z","timestamp":1079126590000},"page":"813-821","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Geographical differences in vitamin D status, with particular reference to European countries"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Lars","family":"Ovesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikke","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jette","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.3.638S"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref082","first-page":"126","article-title":"Vitamin D status of two groups of elderly in Oslo: living in old people's homes and living in own homes","volume":"1A","author":"Sem","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comprehensive Gerontology"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1998.13.4.544"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref095","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-67-2-373"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref091","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.288"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91266-5"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref096","first-page":"68","article-title":"Seasonal variation of biochemical indexes of bone turnover: results of a population-based study","volume":"83","author":"Woitge","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(95)00401-7"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980170012"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000212244"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78933-9","article-title":"Redefining vitamin D insufficiency","volume":"351","author":"Holick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref063","first-page":"200","article-title":"Vitamin D status, parathyroid function and femoral bone density in an elderly Swedish population living at home","volume":"11","author":"Melin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2001.00847.x"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/16.1.35"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref086","first-page":"3086","article-title":"Vitamin D status and redefining serum parathyroid hormone reference range in the elderly","volume":"86","author":"Souberbielle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/41.1.101"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref018","volume-title":"Ern\u00e4hrungsbericht 2000 (Nutrition Report 2000)","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600844"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref011","first-page":"1129","article-title":"Healthy elderly French women living at home have secondary hyperparathyroidism and high bone turnover in winter. EPIDOS Study Group","volume":"81","author":"Chapuy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.10.1657","article-title":"Comparison of commercially available 125 I-based RIA methods for the determination of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D","volume":"46","author":"Hollis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.1.67"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref037","volume-title":"De inname van energie en voedingsstoffen door Nederlandse bevolkings-groepen \u2013 Voedselconsumptiepeiling 1997\u20131998 (The Intake of Energy and Nutrients in the Dutch Population \u2013 Food Consumption Survey 1997\u20131998)","author":"Hulshof","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref065","first-page":"461","article-title":"Vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone and sunlight in Turkish, Moroccan and Caucasian children in The Netherlands","volume":"44","author":"Meulmeester","year":"1990","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78933-9"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.282.6273.1349"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000070031"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00866-9"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012068700-8\/50012-8"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90682-2"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00022725"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198912283212602"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.70.828.708"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1998.00302.x"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref024","first-page":"6196","article-title":"Vitamin D mangel blandt immigranter (Vitamin D deficiency among immigrants)","volume":"162","author":"Glerup","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ugeskrift for Laeger"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref016","first-page":"2449","article-title":"Comparison of nutrients in the food composition tables available in nine European countries participating in EPIC","volume":"42","author":"Deharveng","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600697"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2001345"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90468-1"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref004","volume-title":"Kostvanor och naringsintag i Sverige","author":"Becker","year":"2002"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref089","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1980.tb01157.x"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref022","first-page":"576","article-title":"Prevalence and biological consequences of vitamin D deficiency in elderly institutionalized subjects","volume":"62","author":"Fardellone","year":"1995","journal-title":"Revue du Rhumatism"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050162"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.6.1446"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-001-0035-0"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.1.204"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(80)90404-X"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref013","volume-title":"Danskernes Kostvaner 1995 (The Danish Dietary Survey 1995). Danish Food Agency Publication","year":"1996"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-002-1338-3"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050219"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref084","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070024"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref038","first-page":"127","article-title":"Osteomalacia and rickets","volume":"12","author":"Hutchison","year":"1992","journal-title":"Seminars in Nephrology"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2001276"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref069","volume-title":"Addition of Nutrients to Food \u2013 Principles and Practices. TemaNord","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref041","volume-title":"Norkost 1997, Statens R\u00e5d for Ernoring og Fysisk Aktivitet","author":"Johansson","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1984.tb108222.x","article-title":"Vitamin D and femoral neck fractures in elderly South Australian women","volume":"140","author":"Morris","year":"1984","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Australia"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)92609-4"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref020","first-page":"144","article-title":"The prevention of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly","volume":"31","author":"Dunnigan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Scottish Medical Journal"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112134"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref093","volume-title":"Enqu\u00eate Individuelle et Nationale sur les consommations Alimentaires (Individual and National Study of Food Consumption)","author":"Volatier","year":"2000"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref085","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/24.2.103"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070020"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(85)90308-4"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref023","volume-title":"National Diet and Nutrition Survey: People Aged 65 Years and Over. vol. 1 , Report of the Diet and Nutrition Survey","author":"Finch","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b211830k"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530210037027"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050141"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114599001063"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/56.3.537"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref071","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Prevention of bone loss by vitamin D supplementation in elderly women: a randomised double blind trial","volume":"80","author":"Ooms","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/18.6.392"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/46.6.1005"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2003.01127.x"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050030"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198510000-00039","article-title":"Parathormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D metabolites during normal fracture healing in geriatric patients","volume":"199","author":"Meller","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clinical Orthopaedics"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.4.0437"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000213341"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650100806"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.1999.00764.x"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.suppl_4.1159S"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/23.6.478"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.1997.12.12.2119"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02509538"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/24.4.271"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803193381201"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref078","first-page":"390","article-title":"Parathyroid hormone plasma concentrations in response to low 25-OH vitamin D circulating levels increases with age in elderly women","volume":"8","author":"Reginster","year":"1998","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref017","first-page":"247","article-title":"Variability of micronutrient content in enriched dairy and fruit products","volume":"51","author":"de Jong","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6251551"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref092","first-page":"123","article-title":"Vitamin D status of elderly at home and institutionalised in hospital","volume":"48","author":"Vir","year":"1978","journal-title":"International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.11.2066"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900435"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.2.206"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref088","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518309168226"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/36.5.1014"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref094","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1982.tb01578.x"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(96)80242-1"},{"key":"S0029665103001071_ref080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1211456"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0029665103001071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T23:27:32Z","timestamp":1682638052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0029665103001071\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0029665103001071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/pns2003297","relation":{},"ISSN":["0029-6651","1475-2719"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0029-6651","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-2719","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]}}}