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Even now, Fe deficiency is a common disorder, especially in pregnancy. Similarly, Cu intake in the UK population is rarely above adequate levels, which is a matter of some concern, both in terms of public health and possible clinical consequences. In early studies it was shown that lambs born to mothers on Cu-deficient pastures develop \u2018swayback,\u2019 with neurological and muscular symptoms that cannot be reversed by postnatal supplementation. More recently, rat studies have shown that responses such as the \u2018startle\u2019 response are lost in offspring of Cu-deficient mothers. Data have shown that prenatal Fe deficiency results in increased postnatal blood pressure, even though the offspring have normal dietary Fe levels from birth. These observations emphasise the importance of Fe and Cu in growth and development. In the present review the importance of these metals and the consequences, both short term and long term, of deficiency will be discussed and some possible mechanisms whereby these effects may be generated will be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1079\/pns2004385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,13]],"date-time":"2005-04-13T00:22:20Z","timestamp":1113351740000},"page":"553-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Iron, copper and fetal development"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Gambling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry J.","family":"McArdle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.29.339"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1985.65.3.607"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00865473"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref082","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1977.tb05507.x"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref092","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.5.996S"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2001.0679"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-6238(92)90176-T"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19690007"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.109149"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200008000-00003"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod55.2.400"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/acb.2003.58.3.004"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.8.2040"},{"key":"S0029665104000758_ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.50.2.188","article-title":"Menkes's kinky hair syndrome. 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