{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T12:51:46Z","timestamp":1762865506056},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,31]],"date-time":"2010-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":670,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>For most women, intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) are a safe option. Upper genital tract infections (pelvic inflammatory disease, PID) occur when pathogenic microorganisms ascend from the cervix and invade the endometrium and the fallopian tubes, causing an inflammatory reaction. Evidence\u2010based recommendations regarding intrauterine contraception and risk of infection were presented at the Congress of the European Society of Contraception, in Prague, 2008: A clinical history (including sexual history) should be taken as part of the routine assessment for intrauterine contraception to identify women at high risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI); if appropriate a test should be offered; if symptoms or signs are present, appropriate diagnostic tests should be done, results awaited, necessary treatment completed, and IUCD insertion postponed until resolution. Prophylactic antibiotics are not recommended (evidence level II\u20103). STI screening is not routinely recommended. PID among IUCD users is most strongly related to the insertion process and to the background risk of STI (evidence level II\u20102). Conditions which represent an unacceptable health risk if an IUCD is inserted (WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria, MEC, Categories 3\u20134) are current PID, current purulent cervicitis, chlamydial or gonorrheal infection. For continuation as well as initiation, WHO MEC categories 3\u20134 are allotted to women with known pelvic tuberculosis, puerperal sepsis and septic abortion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340802707473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,26]],"date-time":"2009-01-26T22:27:37Z","timestamp":1233008857000},"page":"246-250","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Infection risk and intrauterine devices"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"FRANCISCA","family":"MART\u00cdNEZ","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"EDUARDO","family":"L\u00d3PEZ\u2010ARREGUI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02699-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","unstructured":"Recomendaciones de la Conferencia de Consenso \u201cActualizaci\u00f3n del manejo cl\u00ednico de la anticoncepci\u00f3n intrauterina. Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Contracepci\u00f3n [Recommendations of the Consensus Conference \u201cUpdate of clinical management of intrauterine contraception. Spanish Society of Contraception]. Altea Spain 2001."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91904-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56455-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02571.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2005.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(99)00071-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","unstructured":"Faculty of Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare Clinical Guidance. Intrauterine Contraception.2007. 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