{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:48:29Z","timestamp":1777412909077,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aust N Z J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To inform the debate on the relationship between gender and depression by examining clinicians\u2019 ratings on selected HoNos items in two cultural groups.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Method:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Scores on items 1 (overactivity\/aggression) and 2 (depression) as recorded by clinicians in the CAOS study of more than 12,000 unselected New Zealand psychiatric service users were analysed by gender and self identified ethnicity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The lowest ratings for depression and highest for overactivity\/agression were assigned to M\n                    <jats:overline>a<\/jats:overline>\n                    ori males. Female M\n                    <jats:overline>a<\/jats:overline>\n                    ori, were rated next, followed by male non-M\n                    <jats:overline>a<\/jats:overline>\n                    ori. Female non-M\n                    <jats:overline>a<\/jats:overline>\n                    ori were rated highest on depression and lowest on overactivity\/agression.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Amongst the hypotheses to explain these findings are those relating to service utilization, rater bias, criteria bias, and cultural pathoplastic effects. 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