{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T08:03:37Z","timestamp":1777968217218,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,15]],"date-time":"2009-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1252972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An increasing trend of noncommunicable diseases is a worldwide phenomenon, also including the developing countries. Few studies focus on adolescents' substance use in relation to mental distress and protective factors in African countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates (mental distress and protective factors) of substance use among school\u2010going adolescents in six African countries. The sample included 20,765 students aged from 13 to 15 years from six African countries (Kenya, Namibia, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), chosen by a two\u2010stage cluster sample design to represent all students in grades 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 in each country. The measure used was part of the Global School\u2010Based Health Survey (GSHS) questionnaire, including various domains of health behaviour. Results indicate a prevalence of 12.6% tobacco use (past month), 6.6% risky alcohol use (two or more per day for at least 20 days or more in the past month), and 10.5% of illicit drug use (three or more times ever) in school\u2010going adolescents in six African countries. School truancy, loneliness, sleeping problems, sadness, suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and poverty were associated with substance use (tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs), while school attendance and parental supervision and connectedness were protective factors for substance use, and peer support protective for tobacco use. It is concluded that tobacco use, risky drinking and illicit drug use were common, clustered together and were associated with school truancy, mental distress, and lack of parental and peer support among adolescent African school children. These findings stress the need for early and integrated prevention programmes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/00207590802511742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,25]],"date-time":"2009-02-25T06:37:52Z","timestamp":1235543872000},"page":"378-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Prevalence and correlates of substance use among school children in six African countries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Karl","family":"Peltzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Sciences Research Council Pretoria and University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Psychosocial correlates of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use amongst secondary school students in Ilorin, Nigeria","volume":"13","author":"Abiodun O. A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"West African Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Young people's health in context. Health Behaviour in School\u2010aged Children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2001\/2002 survey","author":"Bogt T. T.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(93)90054-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.6.872"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007644331197"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.3.286"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-169"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.2001.0422"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.11.3.252"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Young people's health in context. Health Behaviour in School\u2010aged Children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2001\/2002 survey","author":"Godeau E.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(01)00096-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(01)00077-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","volume-title":"The health of youth\u2014a cross\u2010national study: a report of the 1993\u20134 HBSC survey","author":"King A.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v19n04_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/102538239700400405"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.100.4.1186-1188","article-title":"Predictors of positive health among a sample of South African adolescents","volume":"100","author":"Peltzer K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550100049038"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/LFJ0-ER64-1FVY-PA7L"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Young people's health in context. Health Behaviour in School\u2010aged Children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2001\/2002 survey","author":"Schmid H.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","unstructured":"WHO Regional Office for Europe.2004.Young people's health in context. Health Behaviour in School\u2010aged Children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2001\/2002 surveyCopenhagen Denmark. Retrieved November 3 2007 fromhttp:\/\/www.hbsc.org\/publications\/reports.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","volume-title":"Africa development indicators","author":"World Bank","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(98)00268-6"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1080%2F00207590802511742","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/00207590802511742","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T21:24:18Z","timestamp":1697145858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/00207590802511742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/00207590802511742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207590802511742","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7594","1464-066X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7594","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-066X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-01-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-08-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-09-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}