{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T13:40:07Z","timestamp":1700487607643},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,19]],"date-time":"2009-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Most Chinese characters are composed of a semantic radical on the left and a phonetic radical on the right. The semantic radical provides the semantic information; the phonetic radical provides information concerning the pronunciation of the whole character. The pseudo\u2010characters in the study consisted of different sub\u2010lexical parts of real Chinese characters and consequently they also had the semantic radical and the phonetic radical. But they were not readable and had no actual meaning. In order to investigate the spatiotemporal cortical activation patterns underlying the orthographic, phonological and semantic processing of Chinese characters, we used event\u2010related brain potentials (ERPs) to explore the processing of Chinese characters and pseudo\u2010characters when 14 healthy Chinese college students viewed the characters passively. Results showed that both Chinese characters and pseudo\u2010characters elicited an evident negative potential peaking around 120 ms (N120), which appeared to reflect initial orthographic distinction and evaluation. Then, Chinese pseudo\u2010characters elicited a more positive ERP deflection (P220) than did Chinese characters 200\u2013250 ms after onset of the stimuli. It was similar to the recognition potential (RP) and might reflect the integration processes of phonological and semantic processing on the basis of early orthographic information. Dipole source analysis of the difference wave (pseudo\u2010characters minus characters) indicated that a generator localized in the left temporal\u2010occipital junction contributed to this effect, which was possibly related to phonological and perceptual\u2013semantic information integration. Between 350\u2013450 ms, a greater negativity (N360) in pseudo\u2010characters as compared to characters was found over midline fronto\u2010central scalp regions. Dipole analysis localized the generator of N360 in the right parahippocampal cortex. Therefore, the N360 might be an N400 component and reflect the higher\u2010level semantic activation on the basis of orthographic, phonological and perceptual\u2013semantic processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/00207590903156439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,19]],"date-time":"2009-08-19T21:23:47Z","timestamp":1250717027000},"page":"102-110","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of brain mechanisms underlying the processing of Chinese characters and pseudo\u2010characters: An event\u2010related potential study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinglin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shen","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caiyun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.11.097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902320474535"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-934X(89)90093-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(93)90004-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(02)00147-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892902317205285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(77)90073-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01690969308407583"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.10.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2003.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(96)00030-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1989.1.1.38","article-title":"An electrophysiological probe of incidental semantic association","volume":"1","author":"Kutas M.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2004.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1037\/10394-005","volume-title":"The nature of remembering: Essays in honor of R.G. 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