{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:58:13Z","timestamp":1792688293815,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]],"date-time":"2011-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Problems related to attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness are known to impact social, academic, and vocational success. When the problems begin in childhood and lead to impaired functioning, the syndrome is identified as attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Symptoms of the syndrome persist into adolescence and adulthood for many individuals, but less is known about characteristics of adults compared to children, especially adults attending university. Furthermore, there is little cross\u2010national and cross\u2010cultural research. This study compared DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR ADHD symptoms of US university students (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009271) to Japanese peers (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009712). Comparison of group means on a DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR\u2010based checklist indicated that Japanese students reported more problems with inattention (and overall ADHD symptoms) but not hyperactive\u2013impulsive symptoms. Although differences were statistically significant, effect sizes were small, indicating that for practical purposes, the students reported similar levels of symptoms. Japanese students reported higher rates of meeting or exceeding symptom counts that comprise diagnostic criteria for ADHD, but differences were quite small. Using DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR thresholds, 5.70% of US students and 6.27% of Japanese students reported enough symptoms to meet the cut\u2010off for inattentive, hyperactive\/impulsive, or combined type during childhood. With regard to recent problems, 2.66% of US students and 4.52% of Japanese students reported enough symptoms to meet the cut\u2010off for one of the three subtypes. Comparisons using other methods of calculating rates are also provided. This research adds to the limited knowledge of ADHD symptoms in university students across countries and it supports the view that ADHD is not merely a cultural construct. This study is among the first to identify potential attention problems in Japanese university students.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/00207594.2011.614617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,16]],"date-time":"2011-11-16T06:12:39Z","timestamp":1321423959000},"page":"203-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cross\u2010cultural comparison of ADHD symptoms among Japanese and US university students"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"J. Mark","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Macau  Taipa Macau"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomone","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Education, Shinshu University  Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruo","family":"Shinoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, Rissho University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Gregg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education, University of Georgia  Athens GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.111.2.279"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","volume-title":"ADHD in adults: What the science says","author":"Barkley R.A.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054705280413"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"Davis JM.Cheung S. F. Takahashi T. &Shinoda H.(2010).Cross\u2010cultural invariance of ADHD factors. Poster presented at the 30th Annual Conference of the National Academy of Neuropsychology Vancouver Canada"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","unstructured":"Davis JM.Takahashi T. Shinoda H. &Gregg N.(2008).Cross\u2010cultural differences in attention mood and behavior problems: Japanese and U.S. post\u2010secondary students. Poster presented at the 29th International Congress of Psychology Berlin Germany"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221940103400412"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054705281478"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.034389"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194070400010401"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","volume-title":"Clinician's guide to adult ADHD: Assessment and intervention","author":"Goldstein S.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448489809595609"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2003.01148.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02251097"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.4.716"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219407311748"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054707308501"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Preliminary normative data on DSM\u2010IV criteria for adults","volume":"3","author":"Murphy K.","year":"1995","journal-title":"ADHD Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/108705479600100303"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054707308496"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.6.942"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","unstructured":"Takahashi T.Shinoda H. &Shinoda N.(2003).Development of a self\u2010rating questionnaire for students with ADHD in Japanese universities. Paper presented at the 26th annual AHEAD conference Dallas TX"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","first-page":"277","volume-title":"Handbook of culture, therapy, and healing","author":"Tanaka\u2010Matsumi J.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2010.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Asian culture and psychotherapy: Implications for east and west","author":"Tseng W.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Asian culture and psychotherapy: Implications for east and west","author":"Tseng W.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02229304"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1080%2F00207594.2011.614617","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/00207594.2011.614617","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T05:23:56Z","timestamp":1700544236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1080\/00207594.2011.614617"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/00207594.2011.614617"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207594.2011.614617","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7594","1464-066X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7594","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-066X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-05-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-11-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}