{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T08:48:19Z","timestamp":1791881299934,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Sex Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2015.1015713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]],"date-time":"2015-04-21T11:59:25Z","timestamp":1429617565000},"page":"362-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Asexuality: What It Is and Why It Matters"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Anthony F.","family":"Bogaert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":","}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","volume-title":"A history of celibacy","author":"Abbott E.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abbott, E. (2001). A history of celibacy. New York, NY: Da Capo Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","volume-title":"Hormones and animal social behavior","author":"Adkins-Regan E.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adkins-Regan, E. (2005). Hormones and animal social behavior. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19419899.2013.774161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.7771869x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., Text revision). Washington, DC: Author.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:SERS.0000023070.87195.07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.78.3.524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490902747222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2011.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230252851168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.3.347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198910000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00926239108404348"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2004.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02437932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00134-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.3.644"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490409552235"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511152103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.10.3.241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Psychological sexual dysfunctions","author":"Bogaert A. F.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bogaert, A. F. (2008). Asexuality: Dysfunction or variation? In J. M. Caroll & M. K. Alena (Eds.), Psychological sexual dysfunctions (pp. 9\u201313). New York, NY: Nova Biomedical Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-012-9963-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5771\/9781442201019","volume-title":"Understanding asexuality","author":"Bogaert A. F.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bogaert, A. F. (2012b). Understanding asexuality. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5512-3_15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2012.756841"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0110-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-011-0003-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2011.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0456-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713847130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01860.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-008-9434-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9514-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-010-9671-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","article-title":"Asexuals leave the closet, find community","author":"Bulwa D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bulwa, D. (2009, August 24). Asexuals leave the closet, find community. SF Gate. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/cgi-bin\/article.cgi?f=\/c\/a\/2009\/08\/24\/MNC6194GN4.DTL","journal-title":"SF Gate"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-006-9071-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2012.690112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","first-page":"527","volume-title":"Oxford textbook of psychopathology","author":"Cantor J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cantor, J., Blanchard, R., & Barbaree, H. (2009). Sexual disorders. In P. H. Blaney & T. Millon (Eds.), Oxford textbook of psychopathology (pp. 527\u2013548). New York, NY: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363460711406462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v04n03_01"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2007.0189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-011-9757-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","volume-title":"(A)sexual","author":"Chevigny K.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chevigny, K., Davenport, B., Pinder, J. (Producers), & Tucker, A. (Director). (2011). (A)sexual [Documentary]. United States: Arts Engine."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2004.00750.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","volume-title":"The nude: A study in ideal form","author":"Clark K.","year":"1956","unstructured":"Clark, K. (1956). The nude: A study in ideal form. New York, NY: Pantheon Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541922"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v07n02_06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","volume-title":"History of life","author":"Cowen R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cowen, R. (2005). History of life (4th ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","volume-title":"Emily Bronte: Heretic","author":"Davies S.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Davies, S. (2004). Emily Bronte: Heretic. London: The Women's Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","volume-title":"The invisible orientation: An introduction to asexuality","author":"Decker J. S.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Decker, J. S. (2014). The invisible orientation: An introduction to asexuality. New York: Carrel Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.2.352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.110.1.173"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(01)00564-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","first-page":"303","article-title":"Compulsory sexuality","volume":"66","author":"Emens E. F.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Emens, E. F. (2014). Compulsory sexuality. Stanford Law Review, 66, 303\u2013386.","journal-title":"Stanford Law Review"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780195398694.013.0010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","volume-title":"Why we love: The nature and chemistry of romantic love","author":"Fisher H.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fisher, H. (2004). Why we love: The nature and chemistry of romantic love. New York, NY: Henry Holt."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19419899.2013.774163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1532-7795.00030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Sexual minority research in the new millennium","author":"Gazzola S. B.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gazzola, S. B., & Morrison, M. A. (2012). Asexuality: An emergent sexual orientation. In T. G. Morrison M. A. Morrison M. A. Carrigan & D. T. McDermott (Eds.), Sexual minority research in the new millennium (pp. 21\u201344). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_1","volume-title":"Injustice at every turn: A report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey","author":"Grant J. M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grant, J. M., Mottet, L. A., Tanis, J., Harrison, J., Herman, J. L., & Keisling, M. (2011). Injustice at every turn: A report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.thetaskforce.org\/downloads\/reports\/reports\/ntds_full.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19419899.2013.774166"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.52.3.511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(97)00156-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9502-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19419899.2013.774165"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0240-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2007.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_1","volume-title":"Sexual behavior in the human male","author":"Kinsey A. C.","year":"1948","unstructured":"Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the human male. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_1","volume-title":"Sexual behavior in the human female","author":"Kinsey A. C.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., Martin, C. E., & Gebhard, P. H. (1953). Sexual behavior in the human female. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.4.575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.6.537"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000328921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_1","volume-title":"Gay, straight, and the reason why: The science of sexual orientation","author":"LeVay S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"LeVay, S. (2010). Gay, straight, and the reason why: The science of sexual orientation. New York, NY: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2011.559635"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.143.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430212442419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_1","volume-title":"Digit ratio: A pointer to fertility, behavior, and health","author":"Manning J. T.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Manning, J. T. (2002). Digit ratio: A pointer to fertility, behavior, and health. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610376073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490903402546"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_1","volume-title":"Gay, straight, and in-between","author":"Money J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Money, J. (1988). Gay, straight, and in-between. New York, NY: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.10.1265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_1","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Sexual orientation: Toward biological understanding","author":"Perkins A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Perkins, A., & Fitzgerald, J. A. (1997). Sexual orientation in domestic rams: Some biological and social correlates. In L. Ellis & L. Ebertz (Eds.), Sexual orientation: Toward biological understanding (pp. 107\u2013127). Westport, CT: Greenwood."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2010.23.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-9142-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19419899.2013.774167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.44.1.46"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230050084669"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_1","volume-title":"Nature of things: Survival of the fabulous","author":"Sage B.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sage, B. (Director). (2013). Nature of things: Survival of the fabulous. Canada: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_1","volume-title":"My brain is open: The mathematical journeys of Paul Erdos","author":"Schechter B.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schechter, B. (1998). My brain is open: The mathematical journeys of Paul Erdos. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363460708094269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J155v03n03_04"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11639-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018715525493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00809.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.38.5.783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541853"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_1","unstructured":"Teddy Miller. (2005 July 25). Masturbating A's: What do you think about when masturbating? [Online forum post]. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.asexuality.org\/en\/index.php?\/topic\/9980-masturbating-as-what-do-you-think-about-when-masturbating\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226793689.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v17n01_02"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2014.898015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2012.751073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2014.889053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018655219133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_1","unstructured":"Vicious Trollop. (2005 July 25). Masturbating A's: What do you think about when masturbating? [Online forum post]. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.asexuality.org\/en\/index.php?\/topic\/9980-masturbating-as-what-do-you-think-about-when-masturbating\/page__p__237288#entry237288"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-012-9921-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_1","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Sexual nature\/sexual culture","author":"Wallen K.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wallen, K. (1995). The evolution of female sexual desire. In P. R. Abramson & S. D. Pinkerton (Eds.), Sexual nature\/sexual culture (pp. 57\u201379). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"Glad to be asexual","volume":"184","author":"Westphal S. P.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Westphal, S. P. (2004, October). Glad to be asexual. New Scientist, 184, 40\u201343.","journal-title":"New Scientist"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_119_1","volume-title":"Isaac Newton: The last sorcerer","author":"White M.","year":"1999","unstructured":"White, M. (1999). Isaac Newton: The last sorcerer. Reading, MA: Helix Books."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_1","volume-title":"Born gay: The psychobiology of sex orientation","author":"Wilson G.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wilson, G., & Rahman, Q. (2005). Born gay: The psychobiology of sex orientation. London, UK: Peter Owen."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19419899.2013.774162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0175-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/cjhs.2409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_1","volume-title":"Gender identity disorder and psychosexual problems in children and adolescents","author":"Zucker K. J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zucker, K. J., & Bradley, S. J. (1995). Gender identity disorder and psychosexual problems in children and adolescents. New York, NY: Guilford Press."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Sex Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/00224499.2015.1015713","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T08:15:32Z","timestamp":1744186532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/00224499.2015.1015713"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/00224499.2015.1015713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224499.2015.1015713","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4499","1559-8519"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4499","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-8519","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=hjsr20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=hjsr20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2015-04-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}