{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:34:40Z","timestamp":1787006080540,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","pathologyjournal.rcpa.edu.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/00313020701813784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,17]],"date-time":"2008-01-17T07:20:32Z","timestamp":1200554432000},"page":"196-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Radiological and pathological diagnosis of paediatric bone tumours and tumour-like lesions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Vlychou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.A.","family":"Athanasou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Incidence and aetiology of malignant primary bone tumours","volume":"1","author":"Souhami","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bailliere's Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0748-7983(95)90831-5","article-title":"Paediatric surgical oncology. 3-Bone tumours","volume":"21","author":"Grimer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0015","series-title":"Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone","first-page":"223","article-title":"WHO classification of tumours of bone. In:","author":"Dorfman","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0020","article-title":"Tumours of the Bones and Joints. Atlas of Tumour Pathology. 4th series","author":"Unni","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1951-7","article-title":"Primary Bone Tumors and Tumorous Conditions in Children","author":"Adler","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)32090-3","article-title":"Evaluation of the child with a bone or soft tissue neoplasm","volume":"27","author":"Letson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199304000-00019","article-title":"Diagnostic strategy for bone and soft tissue bone tumours","volume":"7A","author":"Simon","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0040","article-title":"Bone Tumour Management","author":"Coombs","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-2211-2","article-title":"The role of imaging in the staging and treatment planning of primary malignant bone tumors in children","volume":"14","author":"Teo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0050","first-page":"252","article-title":"Primary bone tumors of the spine in children","volume":"105 (Suppl)","author":"Fenoy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-006-0079-3","article-title":"Characterization of paediatric skeletal tumors and tumor-like conditions: specific cross-sectional imaging signs","volume":"35","author":"Fayad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0060","first-page":"398","article-title":"Three-dimensional images of contrast-enhanced MDCT for preoperative assessment of musculoskeletal masses: comparison with MRI and plain radiographs","volume":"23","author":"Mori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiat Med"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-007-0421-5","article-title":"Image-guided percutaneous biopsy of musculoskeletal lesions in children","volume":"37","author":"Shin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-0188(99)90009-9","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of musculoskeletal tumours: skeletal and soft tissue masses","volume":"28","author":"Ma","year":"1999","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-004-0779-5","article-title":"The prevalence and diagnostic significance of fluid-fluid levels in focal lesions of bone","volume":"33","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2006.05.003","article-title":"Advances in musculoskeletal tumor imaging","volume":"37","author":"Ilaslan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-005-1459-x","article-title":"Whole-body MRI of paediatric malignant tumours: comparison with conventional oncological imaging methods","volume":"35","author":"Goo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2390-5","article-title":"Comparison of whole-body STIR-MRI and 99mTc-methylene-diphosphonate scintigraphy in children with suspected multifocal bone lesions","volume":"14","author":"Mentzel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.1132","article-title":"Imaging characteristics of locally recurrent tumors of bone","volume":"188","author":"Costelloe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0100","first-page":"277","article-title":"Doppler imaging in the musculoskeletal system. In: McNally E. Practical Musculoskeletal Ultrasound","author":"Teh","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rlu.0000246846.01492.31","article-title":"F-18 FDG PET\/CT evaluation of osseous and soft tissue sarcomas","volume":"31","author":"Iagaru","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2431052104","article-title":"Detection of bone metastases: assessment of integrated FDG PET\/CT imaging","volume":"243","author":"Taira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)32091-5","article-title":"Making the diagnosis. Laboratory evaluation of pediatric bone and soft tissue tumors","volume":"27","author":"Peabody","year":"1996","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1309\/YN14-K8U4-5FLJ-DGJE","article-title":"Is fine needle aspiration biopsy a practical alternative to open biopsy for the primary diagnosis of sarcoma? Experience with 140 patients","volume":"115","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0125","first-page":"923","article-title":"The role of fine needle aspiration biopsy in the initial diagnosis of paediatric bone and soft tissue tumours: An institutional experience","volume":"11","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0130","first-page":"381","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology vs needle core biopsy of soft tissue tumours; a comparison","volume":"38","author":"Bennert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20001215)89:12<2677::AID-CNCR22>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"The percutaneous needle biopsy is safe and recommended in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal masses: Outcomes analysis of 155 patients at a sarcoma referral centre","volume":"89","author":"Welker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s100240010122","article-title":"Paediatric core needle biopsy: Strengths and limitations in evaluation of masses","volume":"4","author":"Willman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(94)90149-X","article-title":"MIC2 analysis in pediatric lymphomas and leukemias","volume":"25","author":"Riepel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200012000-00010","article-title":"Immunohistochemical detection of sdFLI-1 protein expression: A study of 132 round cell tumours with emphasis of CD99-positive mimics of Ewings's sarcoma\/primitive neuroectodermal tumour","volume":"24","author":"Folpe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0155","first-page":"327","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody NB84 in the differential diagnosis of neuroblastoma and other small round cell tumors","volume":"22","author":"Miettinen","year":"1998","journal-title":"AmJSurgPathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.40.8.874","article-title":"Effect of decalcification agents on the immunoreactivity of cellular antigens","volume":"40","author":"Athanasou","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200108000-00011","article-title":"Expression of FLI-1, a nuclear transcription factor distinguishes vascular neoplasms from potential mimics","volume":"25","author":"Folpe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/114.3.345","article-title":"WT1 staining reliably differentiates desmosplastic small round cell tumour from Ewing sarcoma\/primitive neuroectodermal tumour","volume":"114","author":"Hill","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.1997.11744705","article-title":"p53: function, mutations and sarcomas","volume":"68 (Suppl 273)","author":"Hung","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970415)79:8<1541::AID-CNCR15>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"p53 and MDM2 alterations in osteosaromas: Correlation with clinicopathologic features and proliferative rate","volume":"79","author":"Lonardo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0185","first-page":"123","article-title":"Aberrant expression of cell-cycle regulatory proteins in human mesenchymal neoplasia","volume":"25","author":"Creager","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Detect Prev"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0190","first-page":"7393","article-title":"The Ewing's sarcoma EWS\/FLI-1 fusion gene encodes a more potent transcription activator and is a more powerful transforming gene than FLI-1","volume":"13","author":"May","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010601)91:11<2156::AID-CNCR1244>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Acquisition of secondary structural chromosomal changes in paediatric Ewing sarcoma is a probable prognostic factor for tumour response and clinical outcome","volume":"91","author":"Zielenska","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0200","first-page":"1125","article-title":"Is the EWS\/FLI-1 fusion transcript specific for Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor? A report of four cases showing this transcript in a wider range of tumour types","volume":"148","author":"Thorner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(96)00463-7","article-title":"EWS-FLI-1 fusion transcripts identified in patients with typical neuroblastoma","volume":"33","author":"Burchill","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4608(93)90020-M","article-title":"A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of a child with a reciprocal tanslocation (11;22) (q24;q12)","volume":"71","author":"Sainati","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0215","first-page":"271","article-title":"Involvement of the retinoblastoma gene in primary osteosarcoma and other bone and soft-tissue tumors","volume":"270","author":"Araki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Dis"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01229533","article-title":"Analysis of mutant p53 protein in osteosarcomas and other malignant and benign lesions of bone","volume":"119","author":"Ueda","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1996.14.2.467","article-title":"Loss of heterozygosity of the Rb gene is a poor prognostic factor in patients with osteosarcoma","volume":"14","author":"Feugeas","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01213553","article-title":"Alterations of the p53, Rb and MDM2 genes in osteosarcoma","volume":"122","author":"Miller","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780431","article-title":"Cytogenetics and molecular biology of osteosarcoma","volume":"82","author":"Radland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/14.5.925","article-title":"Overexpression of c-fos increases recombination frequency in human osteosarcoma cells","volume":"14","author":"Van den Berg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-005-1503-9","article-title":"Tumour cells dynamics and metastasis in advanced neuroblastoma","volume":"21","author":"Kuroda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.487","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of multidrug resistance gene expression in human osteosarcomas","volume":"74","author":"Lee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0255","first-page":"68","article-title":"Bone Tumour Management","author":"Mankin Flow cytometry","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0260","first-page":"153","article-title":"Electron microscopy in bone tumor diagnosis","volume":"71","author":"Roessner","year":"1982","journal-title":"Curr Top Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0265","article-title":"Dahlin's Bone Tumors. General Aspects and Data on 11087 Cases.","author":"Unni","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02388349","article-title":"Primary bone tumours in infants: short literature review and report of 10 cases","volume":"15","author":"Kozlowski","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0275","article-title":"Tumors and tumorous conditions of the bones and joints","author":"Mirra","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0280","author":"Dorfman","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0285","article-title":"Pathological Basis of Orthopaedic and Rheumatic Disease","author":"Athanasou","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00243089","article-title":"Radiologic and pathologic correlation","volume":"21","author":"Klein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)32101-5","article-title":"Clinicopathological features and treatment of osteoblastoma and osteoid osteoma in children and adolescents","volume":"27","author":"Frassica","year":"1996","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(94)90267-4","article-title":"Osteoblastoma. Clinicopathologic study of 306 cases","volume":"25","author":"Lucas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-006-0140-2","article-title":"Toxic osteoblastoma of the scapula","volume":"36","author":"Theologis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0310","first-page":"215","article-title":"Borderline osteoblastic tumours. Problems in the differential diagnosis of aggressive osteoblastoma and low-grade osteosarcoma","volume":"1","author":"Dorfman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322007000200012","article-title":"Classical osteoblastoma, atypical osteoblastoma, and osteosarcoma: a comparative study based on clinical, histological, and biological parameters","volume":"62","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0320","first-page":"327","article-title":"Osteosarcoma. Clinical and pathological considerationsClinical and pathological considerations","volume":"20","author":"Klein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(84)80189-6","article-title":"The pathologist's role in the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma in children","volume":"15","author":"Ayala","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197911)44:5<1897::AID-CNCR2820440552>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"Multifocal osteosarcoma. A case report with review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Mahoney","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19850601)55:11<2653::AID-CNCR2820551121>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Childhood multifocal osteosarcoma: Clinicopathologic and radiologic correlates","volume":"55","author":"Parham","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961020-00008","article-title":"Osteosarcoma with small cells simulating Ewing's tumor","volume":"61A","author":"Sim","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820901)50:5<990::AID-CNCR2820500529>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Small-cell osteosarcoma","volume":"50","author":"Martin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-192-SRCTOB","article-title":"Small round cell tumors of bone","volume":"131","author":"Hameed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19930115)71:2<338::AID-CNCR2820710212>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Osteosarcoma. Low-grade intraosseous-type osteosarcoma histologically resembling parosteal osteosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia, and desmoplastic fibroma","volume":"71","author":"Bertoni","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198512000-00035","article-title":"A new histologic approach to the differentiation of enchondroma and chondrosarcoma of the bones. A clinicopathological analysis of 51 cases","volume":"201","author":"Mirra","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198210000-00004","article-title":"Periosteal chondroma. A clinicopathologic study of 23 cases","volume":"6","author":"Bauer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/ng844","article-title":"A mutant PTH\/PTHrP type I receptor in enchondromatosis","volume":"30","author":"Hopyan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0375","series-title":"Pathology and Genetics of Soft Tissue and Bone","first-page":"360","article-title":"Multiple osteochondromas. In:","author":"Bovee","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199205000-00016","article-title":"Dysplasia epiphysialis hemimelica","volume":"12","author":"Keret","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668040-00006","article-title":"S-100 protein in human cartilage lesions","volume":"68A","author":"Weiss","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4608(93)90020-M","article-title":"A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of a child with the reciprocal translocation (11;22)(q24;q12)","volume":"71","author":"Sainati","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198403000-00009","article-title":"Clear cell chondrosarcoma of bone. Observations in 47 cases","volume":"8","author":"Bjornsson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870010-00010","article-title":"Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma","volume":"70A","author":"Capanna","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.59B4.270475","article-title":"Juxtacortical chondrosarcoma","volume":"59B","author":"Schajowicz","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2391(86)90040-6","article-title":"Central giant cell lesions of the jaws. A clinicopathologic study","volume":"44","author":"Chuong","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofacial Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198607000-00006","article-title":"Giant cell reaction (giant cell reparative granuloma) of the small bones of the hands and feet","volume":"10","author":"Wold","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2003.00069.x","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of osteoclast formation and lacunar resorption in giant cell granuloma of the jaw","volume":"32","author":"Itonaga","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1184","article-title":"Phenotypic characterisation of mononuclear and multinucleated cells of giant cell reparative granuloma of small bones","volume":"198","author":"Itonaga","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(11)80834-4","article-title":"Round cell tumors of bone","volume":"189","author":"Roessner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0435","series-title":"Pathology and Genetics of Soft Tissue and Bone","article-title":"Ewing sarcoma\/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET). In:","author":"Ushigome","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)02860-3","article-title":"Ewing's sarcoma","volume":"31","author":"Eggli","year":"1993","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19871001)60:7<1570::AID-CNCR2820600727>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Small round blue cell sarcoma of bone mimicking atypical Ewing's sarcoma with neuroectodermal features. An analysis of five cases with immunohistochemical and electron microscopic support","volume":"60","author":"Llombart-Bosch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198004010-00003","article-title":"A clinico-pathoologic study of 20 cases of large-cell (atypical) Ewing's sarcoma of bone","volume":"4","author":"Nascimento","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910401)67:7<1886::AID-CNCR2820670712>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"MIC2 is a specific marker for Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Evidence for a common histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors from MIC2 expression and specific chromosome aberration","volume":"67","author":"Ambros","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(94)90149-X","article-title":"MIC2 analysis in pediatric lymphomas and leukemias","volume":"25","author":"Riopel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198412000-00001","article-title":"The neuroectodermal tumor of bone","volume":"8","author":"Jaffe","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(06)80038-9","article-title":"Neural differentiation in small round cell tumors of bone and soft tissue with the translocation t(11;22)(q24;12): an immunohistochemical study of 11 cases","volume":"21","author":"Ladanyl","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19871115)60:10<2494::AID-CNCR2820601025>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone. Pathologic and radiologic features with clinical correlates","volume":"60","author":"Clayton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940215)73:4<1194::AID-CNCR2820730412>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of bone. A clinicopathologic study","volume":"73","author":"Baar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/0037-198X(80)90026-7","article-title":"Skeletal manifestations of leukemia, Hodgkin disease, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"15","author":"Parker","year":"1980","journal-title":"Semin Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820115)49:2<338::AID-CNCR2820490221>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Bone involvement in Hodgkin's disease","volume":"49","author":"Newcomer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197106)27:6<1403::AID-CNCR2820270621>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Hemangioma hemangiopericytoma, and hemangioendothelioma (angiosarcoma) of bone","volume":"27","author":"Unni","year":"1971","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0500","first-page":"101","article-title":"Vascular lesions of bone","volume":"20","author":"Wold","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pathol Annu"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90959-4","article-title":"Gorham's syndrome: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"83","author":"Choma","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.52B3.444","article-title":"Haemangiomatosis with massive osteolysis","volume":"52B","author":"Fornasier","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0515","article-title":"Lymphatics and bone","author":"Edwards","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2004.02.009","article-title":"Expression of a lymphatic endothelial cell marker in benign and malignant vascular tumours","volume":"35","author":"Xu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.54B4.626","article-title":"Cystic angiomatosis of bone","volume":"54B","author":"Boyle","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0530","first-page":"1114","article-title":"Cystic angiomatosis of bone. Manifestation of a hamartomatous disease entity","volume":"91","author":"Moseley","year":"1964","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther NuclMed"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0535","first-page":"377","article-title":"Fibrous tumors of bone","volume":"20","author":"Marks","year":"1989","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19911101)68:9<1978::AID-CNCR2820680922>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Desmoplastic fibroma of bone","volume":"68","author":"Inwards","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0545","series-title":"Pathology and Genetics of Soft Tissue and Bone","first-page":"49","article-title":"Myofibroma\/myofibromatosis. In: Fletcher CDM","author":"Rubin","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0550","author":"Weiss","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254030-00024","article-title":"Congenital generalized fibromatosis. A case limited to osseous lesions","volume":"54A","author":"Heiple","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-67-799-619","article-title":"Infantile myofibromatosis","volume":"67","author":"Davies","year":"1994","journal-title":"A review. Br J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-4608(93)90068-W","article-title":"Cytogenetic study of 249 consecutive patients examined for a bone tumor","volume":"68","author":"Tarkkanen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Genet Cytogenet"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198208000-00036","article-title":"Disseminated nonossifying fibromas in association with cafe-au-lait spots (Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome)","volume":"168","author":"Mirra","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Dis"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.60B3.681421","article-title":"Familial multiple non-osteogenic fibromata","volume":"60B","author":"Evans","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.65B5.6643570","article-title":"The aetiology and treatment of simple bone cysts","volume":"65B","author":"Chigira","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198603000-00004","article-title":"Unicameral and aneurysmal bone cysts","volume":"204","author":"Campanacci","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Dis"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0590","first-page":"2291","article-title":"Aneurysmal bone cyst","volume":"61","author":"Martinez","year":"1988","journal-title":"A review of 123 cases including primary lesions and those secondary to other bone pathology. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920615)69:12<2921::AID-CNCR2820691210>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Aneurysmal bone cyst. A clinicopathologic study of 238 cases","volume":"69","author":"Vergel De Dios","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.164.3.7863874","article-title":"Aneurysmal bone cyst. Concept, controversy, clinical presentation, and imaging","volume":"164","author":"Kransdorf","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0605","first-page":"2278","article-title":"An unusual intraosseous lesion with fibroblastic, osteoclastic, osteoblastic, aneurysmal and fibromyxoid elements","volume":"51","author":"Sanerkin","year":"1983","journal-title":"'Solid' variant of aneurysmal bone cyst. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0610","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Cytogenetic-morphologic correlations in aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor of bone and combined lesions","volume":"13","author":"Sciot","year":"2000","journal-title":"A report from the CHAMP study group. Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196244020-00001","article-title":"The natural history of fibrous dysplasia","volume":"44A","author":"Harris","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0620","first-page":"750","article-title":"An activating Gs alpha mutation is present in fibrous dysplasia of bone in Albright-McCune-Sternberg syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Shenker","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100140221","article-title":"Activating mutations of Gs protein in monostotic fibrous lesions of bone","volume":"14","author":"Alman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197254050-00010","article-title":"Bone sarcomas arising in fibrous dysplasia","volume":"54A","author":"Huvos","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19940301)73:5<1411::AID-CNCR2820730516>3.0.CO;2-T","article-title":"Malignancies in fibrous dysplasia","volume":"73","author":"Ruggieri","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0640","first-page":"263","article-title":"Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma with low-grade malignancy","volume":"12","author":"Dahlin","year":"1984","journal-title":"SkeletalRadiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199308000-00008","article-title":"Fibrocartilaginous mesenchymoma of bone","volume":"17","author":"Bulychova","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199309000-00009","article-title":"Massive chondroid differentiation in fibrous dysplasia of bone (fibrocartilaginous dysplasia)","volume":"17","author":"Ishida","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(93)90268-L","article-title":"Osteofibrous dysplasia Clinicopathologic study of 80 cases","volume":"24","author":"Park","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0660","series-title":"Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone","first-page":"343","article-title":"Hogendoorn PCW. Osteofibrous dysplasia. In:","author":"Vigorita","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00195230","article-title":"A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of osteofibrous dysplasia, differentiated adamantinoma, and adamantinoma of long bones","volume":"21","author":"Ishida","year":"1992","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0670","first-page":"71","article-title":"Cytokeratin expression and distribution in adamantinoma of the long bones and osteofibrous dysplasia of tibia and fibula","volume":"25","author":"Benassi","year":"1994","journal-title":"An immunohistochemical study correlated to histogenesis. Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198006000-00005","article-title":"Vascular and cartilaginous hamartoma of the ribs in infancy with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst formation","volume":"4","author":"McCarthy","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0680","first-page":"469","article-title":"Mesenchymal hamartoma of the chet wall in infants and children","volume":"22","author":"Ayala","year":"1993","journal-title":"A clinicopathological study of five patients. Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0685","first-page":"2471","article-title":"Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X) of bone","volume":"76","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"1995","journal-title":"A clinicopathologic analysis of 263 pediatric and adult cases. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199605000-00001","article-title":"Langerhans cell (eosinophilic) granulomatosis","volume":"20","author":"Lieberman","year":"1996","journal-title":"A clinicopathologic study encompassing 50 years. Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0695","first-page":"59","article-title":"Histiocytosis X (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)","volume":"107","author":"Risdall","year":"1983","journal-title":"Prognostic role of histopathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91842-2","article-title":"Clonal proliferation of Langer-hans cells in Langerhans cell histiocytosis","volume":"343","author":"Yu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198505000-00001","article-title":"Metastatic skeletal disease in the pediatric population","volume":"5","author":"Leeson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatric Orthop"},{"key":"10.1080\/00313020701813784_bib0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(22)02837-8","article-title":"Radiologic diagnosis of primary and metastatic cancer in infant and children","volume":"3","author":"Hope","year":"1965","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031302516324187?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0031302516324187?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T16:14:10Z","timestamp":1758471250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0031302516324187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"references-count":142,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0031302516324187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00313020701813784","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-3025"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-3025","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Radiological and pathological diagnosis of paediatric bone tumours and tumour-like lesions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00313020701813784","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}