{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T16:35:34Z","timestamp":1782491734033,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008895","name":"Tertiary Education Trust Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001866","name":"National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TETF\/ES\/DR&D-CE\/NRF2020\/SETI\/110\/VOL.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TETF\/ES\/DR&D-CE\/NRF2020\/SETI\/110\/VOL.1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Drug and Chemical Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2024.2344640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T08:42:48Z","timestamp":1714380168000},"page":"1155-1164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Safety assessment of crude aqueous methanol extract of\n            <i>Annona senegalensis<\/i>\n            stem bark: acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Chinenye Jane","family":"Ugwah-Oguejiofor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University","place":["Sokoto, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias Sylvester","family":"Nefai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University","place":["Sokoto, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mshelia Halilu","family":"Emmanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University","place":["Sokoto, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim Yusuf","family":"Alkali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University","place":["Sokoto, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aminu Ahmed","family":"Biambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University","place":["Sokoto, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansur","family":"Lawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University","place":["Sokoto, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliyu Hamidu","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University","place":["Sokoto, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achor","family":"Muhammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University","place":["Sokoto, Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.166152"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/gscbps.2018.4.1.0049"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.38001\/ijlsb.656112"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27113462"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Phytochemical screening and anti-fungal activity of Annona senegalensis pers leaves and stem bark","volume":"8","author":"Aminu M.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aminu, M., Keta, J. N., Shehu, K., Muhammed, I., & John, R. (2021). Phytochemical screening and anti-fungal activity of Annona senegalensis pers leaves and stem bark. International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences, 8(2), 52\u201357.","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Determination of some essential metals in selected medicinal plants","volume":"12","author":"Baba H. S.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baba, H. S., & Mohammed, M. I. (2021). Determination of some essential metals in selected medicinal plants. ChemSearch Journal, 12(1), 15\u201320.","journal-title":"ChemSearch Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26420\/jdrugdiscovdevelopanddeliv.2021.1038"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56499\/jppres17.225_6.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-021-00300-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","first-page":"150","article-title":"Phytochemical investigation and chromatographic evaluation of the different extracts of tuber of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Araceae)","volume":"1","author":"De S.","year":"2010","unstructured":"De, S., Dey, Y. N., & Ghosh, A. K. (2010). Phytochemical investigation and chromatographic evaluation of the different extracts of tuber of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Araceae). International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 1(5), 150\u2013157.","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-022-00510-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471141755.tx1901s31"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.31.1_supplement.766.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","volume-title":"Codex Alimentarius","author":"FAO\/WHO","year":"1984","unstructured":"FAO\/WHO. (1984). Contaminants. In Codex Alimentarius (Vol. XVII, 1st ed.). FAO\/WHO, Codex Alimentarius Commision."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-021-00567-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","first-page":"1379","article-title":"Estimation of elemental concentrations of Indian medicinal plants using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF)","volume":"6","author":"Giridhar B. N.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giridhar, B. N., Raju, T. P., Srinivasu, C. C., Ramanamam, V., Ram, S. S., & Sudershan, M. (2015). Estimation of elemental concentrations of Indian medicinal plants using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 6, 1379\u20131387.","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Potentials of Parkia biglobosa and Annona senegalensis as an antidote to snake species common in Northwestern Nigeria","volume":"13","author":"Hassan L. G.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hassan, L. G., Salihu, M., & Yusuf, A. J. (2022). Potentials of Parkia biglobosa and Annona senegalensis as an antidote to snake species common in Northwestern Nigeria. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 13(1), 7\u201312.","journal-title":"Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2018.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24940\/theijst\/2019\/v7\/i7\/ST1907-030"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJBR2019.1030"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","first-page":"3504","article-title":"Phytochemical and antimalarial studies on the methanol root bark extract of Annona senegalensis pers. (Annonaceae)","volume":"18","author":"Jimoh A. A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jimoh, A. A., Ilyas, M., Sani, Y. M., Erumiseli, G. O., & Bakare, L. O. (2021). Phytochemical and antimalarial studies on the methanol root bark extract of Annona senegalensis pers. (Annonaceae). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, 18(3), 3504\u20133512.","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03260"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4441375"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","unstructured":"Lenntech. (1998). 2023: Sulphur (S) - Chemical properties health and environmental effects. https:\/\/www.lenntech.com\/periodic\/elements\/s.htm#ixzz80TcrAEk"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/5702159"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01234480"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.31424"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2017.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00103628509367593"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2017.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","first-page":"0849","article-title":"Toxicity and safety implications of herbal medicines used in Africa","volume":"63","author":"Mensah M. L.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mensah, M. L., Komlaga, G., Forkuo, A. D., Firempong, C., Anning, A. K., & Dickson, R. A. (2019). Toxicity and safety implications of herbal medicines used in Africa. Herbal Medicine, 63, 0849\u20131992.","journal-title":"Herbal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37446\/jinagri\/rsn\/9.1.2022.1-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","unstructured":"NIH. (1997). Dietary reference intakes for calcium phosphorus magnesium vitamin D and fluoride. Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board. National Academies Press. (Updated 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","volume-title":"Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc","author":"NIH","year":"2001","unstructured":"NIH. (2001). Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. National Academies Press (US)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","unstructured":"NIH. (2003). Tungsten and selected tungsten compounds tungsten: Review of toxicological literature. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. https:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/htdocs\/Chem_Background\/ExSumPdf\/tungsten.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/CSJI\/2017\/31963"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(12)60039-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02652039109373959"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","first-page":"484","article-title":"Manganese exposure, essentiality & toxicity","volume":"128","author":"Santamaria A. B.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Santamaria, A. B. (2008). Manganese exposure, essentiality & toxicity. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 128(4), 484\u2013500.","journal-title":"The Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23894"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","volume-title":"Textbook of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry","author":"Shah B. N.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shah, B. N. (2009). Textbook of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. Elsevier (A Division of Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Limited)."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical investigation of Equisetum debile Roxb","volume":"9","author":"Sharma P.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma, P., Mohanty, J. P., Ghosh, P., Sharma, C., & Subba, B. (2019). Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical investigation of Equisetum debile Roxb. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 9(3-s), 163\u2013169.","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2019.5779"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Determination of the phytochemical constituents and antifungal properties of Annona senegalensis Leaves (African Custard Apple)","volume":"11","author":"Tukur A.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tukur, A., Musa, N. M., Bello, H. A., & Sani, N. A. (2020). Determination of the phytochemical constituents and antifungal properties of Annona senegalensis Leaves (African Custard Apple). ChemSearch Journal, 11(1), 16\u201324.","journal-title":"ChemSearch Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01179"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Phytochemical and antidiarrhoeal evaluation of two medicinal plants growing in maiduguri metropolis","volume":"7","author":"Usman H.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Usman, H., Kura, W. A., Modu, H., Mohammed, B., & Umar, H. A. (2017). Phytochemical and antidiarrhoeal evaluation of two medicinal plants growing in maiduguri metropolis. Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 7, 4","journal-title":"Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121930"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_53_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Elemental analysis of ten sudanese medicinal plants using X-ray fluorescence","volume":"1","author":"Yagi S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yagi, S., Rahman, A. E. A., Elhassan, G. O. M., & Mohammed, A. M. A. (2013). Elemental analysis of ten sudanese medicinal plants using X-ray fluorescence. Journal of Applied and Industrial Sciences, 1 (1), 49\u201353.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied and Industrial Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110786"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54660\/anfo.2022.3.3.22"},{"issue":"26","key":"e_1_3_5_56_1","first-page":"4106","article-title":"Chemical composition of Annona senegalensis from Nupe land, Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"Yisa J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yisa, J., Egila, J. N., & Darlinton, A. O. (2010). Chemical composition of Annona senegalensis from Nupe land, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(26), 4106\u20134109.","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_1","volume-title":"Permissible Limits of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1996","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (1996). Permissible Limits of Heavy Metals in Soil and Plants. World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_1","volume-title":"Quality control methods for medicinal plants materials","author":"WHO.","year":"2005","unstructured":"WHO. (2005). Quality control methods for medicinal plants materials. WHO."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_1","volume-title":"Compendium of food additive specifications","author":"WHO-FAO JECFA","year":"2011","unstructured":"WHO-FAO JECFA. (2011). Compendium of food additive specifications. FAO JECFA, Monographs 11, Report TRS 966 JECFA 74: Addendum FAS 65 JECFA 74."}],"container-title":["Drug and Chemical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01480545.2024.2344640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T10:19:37Z","timestamp":1740737977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/01480545.2024.2344640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/01480545.2024.2344640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01480545.2024.2344640","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0545","1525-6014"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0545","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-6014","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=idct20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=idct20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2023-08-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-26","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}