{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:20:11Z","timestamp":1790605211437,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"532","content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the American Statistical Association"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2019.1604369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T13:27:22Z","timestamp":1556198842000},"page":"1730-1746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Flexible Sensitivity Analysis for Observational Studies Without Observable Implications"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9329-206X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"AlexanderM.","family":"Franks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"D\u2019Amour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Google Research, Cambridge, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avi","family":"Feller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0262.00270"},{"key":"CIT0002","first-page":"02896","volume":"1702","author":"Athey S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv"},{"key":"CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00386"},{"key":"CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.96.4.988"},{"key":"CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpt006"},{"key":"CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19345747.2015.1078862"},{"key":"CIT0007","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC ) (1997), \u201cNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data III,\u201d U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, available at https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/nhanes3\/DataFiles.aspx."},{"key":"CIT0008","volume-title":"Technical Report, CEMMAP Working Paper, Centre for Microdata Methods and Practice","author":"Chernozhukov V.","year":"2016"},{"key":"CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/09-AOAS285"},{"key":"CIT0010","volume-title":"Working Paper","author":"Cinelli C.","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0011","volume-title":"\u201cSmoking and Lung Cancer: Recent Evidence and a Discussion of Some Questions,\u201d","author":"Cornfield J.","year":"1959"},{"key":"CIT0012","volume-title":"Impossibility, and Alternatives,\u201d In Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics","author":"D\u2019Amour A.","year":"2019"},{"key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.01241.x"},{"key":"CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ijb-2013-0004"},{"key":"CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2017.1407322"},{"key":"CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000457"},{"key":"CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6973"},{"key":"CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1391852"},{"key":"CIT0019","volume-title":"Mixture Distributions\u2014I. Wiley Online Library","author":"Everitt B. S.","year":"1985"},{"key":"CIT0020","first-page":"06045","volume":"1603","author":"Franks A. M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv"},{"key":"CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b16018"},{"key":"CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/17-STS632"},{"key":"CIT0023","volume-title":"\u201cBayesian Regression Tree Models for Causal Inference: Regularization, Confounding, and Heterogeneous Effects,\u201d arXiv:1706","author":"Hahn P. R.","year":"2017"},{"key":"CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2015.1084307"},{"key":"CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1912352"},{"key":"CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2971729"},{"key":"CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/jcgs.2010.08162"},{"key":"CIT0028","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Drawing Inferences From Self-Selected Samples","author":"Holland P.","year":"1986"},{"key":"CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214504000001187"},{"key":"CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/000282803321946921"},{"key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214503000000611"},{"key":"CIT0032","first-page":"01868","volume":"1805","author":"Jung J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv"},{"key":"CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19981215)17:23<2723::AID-SIM38>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"CIT0034","unstructured":"Klausch, T. \n                     van de Ven, P. \n                     van de Brug, T. \n                     Brakenhoff, R. H. \n                     van de Wiel, M. A. , and \n                     Berkhof, J.   (2018), \u201cEstimating Bayesian Optimal Treatment Regimes for Dichotomous Outcomes Using Observational Data,\u201d arXiv preprint arXiv:1809.06679."},{"key":"CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/asx015"},{"key":"CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2014.969424"},{"key":"CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/17-STS630"},{"key":"CIT0038","volume-title":"Statistical Analysis With Missing Data","author":"Little R. J.","year":"2015"},{"key":"CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpw015"},{"key":"CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.2000.10474879"},{"key":"CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neyman, J. (1990  [1923 ]), \u201cOn the Application of Probability Theory to Agricultural Experiments, Essay on Principles,\u201d\n                      Statistical Science\n                      , 5, 465\u2013472.","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177012031"},{"key":"CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/016214501753168389"},{"key":"CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07350015.2016.1227711"},{"key":"CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jssam\/smv047"},{"key":"CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1284-3_1"},{"key":"CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674982697"},{"key":"CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1983.tb01242.x"},{"key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/jasa.2009.tm08470"},{"key":"CIT0049","volume-title":"dirichletprocess: Build Dirichlet Process Objects for Bayesian Modelling, R package version 0.2","author":"Ross G. J.","year":"2018"},{"key":"CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2001.00103.x"},{"key":"CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0037350"},{"key":"CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1980.10477517"},{"key":"CIT0053","volume-title":"Basic Concepts of Statistical Inference for Causal Effects in Experiments and Observational Studies","author":"Rubin D. B.","year":"2003"},{"key":"CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/4.4.495"},{"key":"CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10473862"},{"key":"CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9782-1"},{"key":"CIT0057","unstructured":"Wang, Y. , and \n                     Blei, D. M.   (2018), \u201cThe Blessings of Multiple Causes,\u201d arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.06826."},{"key":"CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.12863"},{"key":"CIT0059","unstructured":"Zhao, Q. \n                     Small, D. S. , and \n                     Bhattacharya, B. B.   (2017), \u201cSensitivity Analysis for Inverse Probability Weighting Estimators Via the Percentile Bootstrap, arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.11286."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Statistical Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01621459.2019.1604369","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T10:51:42Z","timestamp":1608288702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/01621459.2019.1604369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"532","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/01621459.2019.1604369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01621459.2019.1604369","relation":{},"ISSN":["0162-1459","1537-274X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0162-1459","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-274X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=uasa20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=uasa20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2018-08-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-08","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}