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The majority of reported heart valve changes involve the examination of a single, semirandom section through the heart and the valvulopathy occurring with age or induced by xenobiotics may have been generally underestimated in mice and rats. Here we describe the incidence and microscopic features of endocardial myxomatous change (EMC) in Hsd:S\u2014D rats and CD-1 mice. EMC was common and widespread in both CD-1 mice and Hsd:S\u2014D rats (188 of 220 rats and 96 of 215 mice were affected by EMC). Microscopically, EMC consisted of focal or segmental thickening of valves, primarily due to the presence of fibromyxoid tissue in the subendocardium. Occasionally, fibrin or thrombi deposits and collection of neutrophils or mononuclear cells were observed. These microscopic features were similar to those seen in valvular disease in humans induced by fenfluramine-phentermine (fen-phen), ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, methysergide), and carcinoid syndrome. The mitral valve in rats and pulmonary valve in mice were most frequently affected. An association between murine progressive cardiomyopathy (MPC) and EMC was noted only in rats, suggesting that there may be a possible relationship between MPC and EMC. However, additional research is needed to confirm a relationship between EMC and MPC in rats and\/or mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230290105703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,9]],"date-time":"2002-10-09T16:51:40Z","timestamp":1034182300000},"page":"483-491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Endocardial Myxomatous Change in Harlan Sprague-Dawley Rats (Hsd:S\u2014D) and CD-1 Mice: Its Microscopic Resemblance to Drug-Induced Valvulopathy in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Chandikumar S.","family":"Elangbam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karyn A.","family":"Colman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, ClinTrialsBioResearch (CTBR) Ltd, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth M.","family":"Lightfoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald D.","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry G.","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, GlaxoSmithKline Inc, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","first-page":"181","volume":"36","author":"Angrist A.","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"39","volume":"96","author":"Boorman GA","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00100-4"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707033370107"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)90477-2"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0368-1319(68)80002-X"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/32.3.258"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708283370901"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199322008-00097"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Faccini JM, Abbott DP, Paulus GJJ (1990). 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