{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T20:55:14Z","timestamp":1777409714409,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Information Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/01972240290075039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T16:35:35Z","timestamp":1027701335000},"page":"101-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":771,"title":["Information Systems and Developing Countries: Failure, Success, and Local Improvisations"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Heeks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","volume-title":"Shaping technology\/building society","author":"Akrich M.","year":"1992"},{"key":"CIT0002","unstructured":"Avgerou, C. 2000. The multiple rationalities of information systems development. In Information ? ows, local improvisations and work practices. Proceedings of the IFIP WG9.4 Conference 2000. Cape Town: IFIP."},{"key":"CIT0003","unstructured":"Avgerou, C., and Walsham, G. eds. 2000a. Information technology in context. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate."},{"key":"CIT0004","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Information technology in context","author":"Avgerou C.","year":"2000"},{"key":"CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681102.1999.9525309"},{"key":"CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/019722401750067397"},{"key":"CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681102.1996.9627210"},{"key":"CIT0008","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Shaping tech-nology\/building society","author":"Bijker W. E.","year":"1992"},{"key":"CIT0009","volume-title":"Software engineering economics","author":"Boehm B.","year":"1981"},{"key":"CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.1992.9960122"},{"key":"CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972240290075048"},{"key":"CIT0012","volume-title":"Designing organizations","author":"Butler R.","year":"1991"},{"key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1995.11518079"},{"key":"CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3250938"},{"key":"CIT0015","volume-title":"Management strategies for information technology","author":"Earl M. J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"CIT0016","unstructured":"The Economist. 2000. No gain without pain, Government and the Internet Survey. 24 June:7-10."},{"key":"CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/249689"},{"key":"CIT0018","unstructured":"Goonatilake, L., Maizza-Neto, O., and Jayawardene, P. 2000. Enhancing enterprise competitiveness in developing countries through the promotion of management information and benchmarking tools. In Information ? ows, local improvisations and work practices. Proceedings of the IFIP WG9.4 Conference 2000. Cape Town: IFIP."},{"key":"CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heeks, R., ed. 2001. Reinventing government in the information age. London: Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203204962"},{"key":"CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-878289-62-9.ch005"},{"key":"CIT0021","unstructured":"Horton, F. W., and Lewis, D., eds. 1991. Great information disasters. London: ASLIB."},{"key":"CIT0022","unstructured":"IFIP WG9.4. 2000. Information ? ows, local improvisations and work practices. Proceedings of the IFIP WG9.4 Conference 2000. Cape Town: IFIP."},{"key":"CIT0023","unstructured":"James, G. 1997. IT ? ascoes . and how to avoid them. Datamation. November:84-88."},{"key":"CIT0024","first-page":"1603","volume-title":"Medinfo \u201995","author":"Jayasuriya R.","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"CIT0025","first-page":"131","volume":"4","author":"Korac-Boisvert N.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Information Infrastructure and Policy"},{"key":"CIT0026","volume-title":"The productivity paradox: Is it resolved? Is there a new one? What does it all mean for managers?","author":"Kraemer K.","year":"2001"},{"key":"CIT0027","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Information technology and organizational transformation","author":"Bannon L.","year":"1998"},{"key":"CIT0028","volume-title":"India\u2019s software industry","author":"Heeks R.","year":"1996"},{"key":"CIT0029","unstructured":"Heeks, R. Forthcoming. e-Government. London: Sage."},{"key":"CIT0030","first-page":"1144","volume-title":"Handbook of organizations","author":"Leavitt H. J.","year":"1965"},{"key":"CIT0031","volume-title":"Organizations and their members: A contingency approach","author":"Lorsch J. W.","year":"1974"},{"key":"CIT0032","first-page":"257","volume":"4","author":"Lyytinen K.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Oxford Surveys in Information Technology"},{"key":"CIT0033","unstructured":"Macias-Chapula, C. A. 2000. Issues learned, challenges and opportunities to implement a library automation project at Mexico\u2019s General Hospital. In Information ? ows, local improvisations and work practices. Proceedings of the IFIP WG9.4 Conference 2000. Cape Town: IFIP."},{"key":"CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.1989.9960069"},{"key":"CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681102.1999.9525310"},{"key":"CIT0036","first-page":"194","volume-title":"Reinventing government in the information age","author":"Benjamin P.","year":"2001"},{"key":"CIT0037","unstructured":"Calitz, A. P. 2000. Transforming work practices with IT. In Information ? ows, local improvisations and work practices. Proceedings of the IFIP WG9.4 Conference 2000. Cape Town: IFIP."},{"key":"CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-750X(92)90088-D"},{"key":"CIT0039","unstructured":"Odedra-Straub, M., ed. 1996. Global information technology and socioeconomic development. Nashua, NH: Ivy League."},{"key":"CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.7.1.63"},{"key":"CIT0041","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Global information technology and socio-economic development","author":"Oyomno G. Z.","year":"1996"},{"key":"CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.1996.10"},{"key":"CIT0043","unstructured":"Puri, S. K., Chauhan, K. P. S., and Admedullah, M. 2000. Prospects of biological diversity information management. In Information ? ows, local improvisations and work practices. Proceedings of the IFIP WG9.4 Conference 2000. Cape Town: IFIP."},{"key":"CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.10.2.167"},{"key":"CIT0045","unstructured":"Roche, E., and Blaine, M., eds. 1996. Information technology, development and policy. Aldershot, UK: Avebury."},{"key":"CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198775331.003.0015","volume-title":"Rethinking management information systems","author":"Sauer C.","year":"1999"},{"key":"CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scott Morton, M., ed. 1991. The corporation of the 1990s: Information technology and organizational transformation. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195063585.001.0001"},{"key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01972243.1989.9960068"},{"key":"CIT0049","volume-title":"Competing through knowledge","author":"Shukla M.","year":"1997"},{"key":"CIT0050","volume-title":"Outsourcing as an improvisation. In Information ? ows, local improvisations and work practices. Proceedings of the IFIP WG9.4 Conference 2000","author":"Silva L. O.","year":"2000"},{"key":"CIT0051","unstructured":"Southon, G., Sauer, C., and Dampney, K. 1997. Lessons from a failed information systems initiative: Issues for complex organisations. Paper presented at APAMI\/HIC\u201997 Conference, Sydney, Australia."},{"key":"CIT0052","volume-title":"Plans and situated actions","author":"Suchman L.","year":"1987"},{"key":"CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02681102.2000.9525322"},{"key":"CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1989.4279078"},{"key":"CIT0055","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Information technology in context","author":"Walsham G.","year":"2000"},{"key":"CIT0056","first-page":"403","volume-title":"Poverty and development into the 21st century","author":"Wilson G.","year":"2000"},{"key":"CIT0057","volume-title":"Turkey: Informatics and economic modernization","author":"World Bank","year":"1993"},{"key":"CIT0058","unstructured":"Wynn, E. and deLyra, J. 2000. A strange attractor in the chaos of global IS development. In Information ? ows, local improvisations and work practices. Proceedings of the IFIP WG9.4 Conference 2000. Cape Town: IFIP."},{"key":"CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1996.11518126"},{"key":"CIT0060","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Reinventing government in the information age","author":"Cain P.","year":"2001"},{"key":"CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781781952757.00017"},{"key":"CIT0062","volume-title":"The Internet and economic growth in LDCs. Draft paper","author":"Kenny C.","year":"2001"},{"key":"CIT0063","unstructured":"Kitiyadisai, K. 2000. The implementation of IT in reengineering the Thai Revenue Department. In Information ? ows, local improvisations and work practices. Proceedings of the IFIP WG9.4 Conference 2000. Cape Town: IFIP."},{"key":"CIT0064","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Reinventing government in the information age","author":"Mundy D.","year":"2001"},{"key":"CIT0065","volume-title":"Why information systems fail: A case study approach","author":"Sauer C.","year":"1993"}],"container-title":["The Information Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01972240290075039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T16:20:42Z","timestamp":1704385242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/01972240290075039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/01972240290075039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01972240290075039","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-2243","1087-6537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-2243","type":"print"},{"value":"1087-6537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]}}}