{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T09:18:44Z","timestamp":1776503924836,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Information Society"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/01972240309490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,18]],"date-time":"2003-09-18T22:46:11Z","timestamp":1063925171000},"page":"297-304","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Dissecting the \"Digital Divide\": A Case Study in Egypt"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Warschauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"301","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","unstructured":"Wallon, A. 1999. Technology vs. African-Americans [Online article]. Atlantic Monthly, (http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/issues\/99jan\/aftech. him)"},{"key":"CIT0002","volume-title":"Electronic literacies: Language, culture, and power in online education","author":"Warschauer M.","year":"1999"},{"key":"CIT0003","unstructured":"Warschauer, M. In press. The allures and illusions of modernity: Technology and educational reform in Egypt. Educational Policy Analysis Archives."},{"key":"CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warschauer, M. 2002. Reconceptualizing the digital divide, First Monday 7(7). Retrieved 10 July, 2002. (http:\/\/www.firstmonday.dk\/ issues\/issue7_7\/warschauer)","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v7i7.967"},{"key":"CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6699.001.0001","volume-title":"Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide","author":"Warschauer M.","year":"2003"},{"key":"CIT0006","volume-title":"Critical theory of technology","author":"Feenberg A.","year":"1991"},{"key":"CIT0007","volume-title":"Questioning technology","author":"Feenberg A.","year":"1999"},{"key":"CIT0008","volume-title":"Human capital and economic performance in Egypt","author":"Fergany N.","year":"1998"},{"key":"CIT0009","volume-title":"Social linguistics and literacies","author":"Gee J. P.","year":"1996"},{"key":"CIT0010","volume-title":"The new work order: Behind the language of new capitalism","author":"Gee J. P.","year":"1996"},{"key":"CIT0011","volume-title":"Literacy in traditional societies","author":"Goody J.","year":"1968"},{"key":"CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/588794"},{"key":"CIT0013","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Perspectives on literacy","author":"Goody J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"CIT0014","volume-title":"The digital divide in Austria","author":"Aichholzer G.","year":"2001"},{"key":"CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-22855-3_13","volume-title":"Learning and technological change","author":"Amsden A.","year":"1993"},{"key":"CIT0016","volume-title":"Education and the future","author":"Bahaa El Din H. K.","year":"1997"},{"key":"CIT0017","unstructured":"Bartsch, U. 1995. Rates of return to investment in education and migration in Egypt (Research Notes No. 9). Cairo: Almishkat Centre for Research and Training."},{"key":"CIT0018","volume-title":"Globalization, income distribution and education: Putting education to work in Egypt","author":"Birdsall N.","year":"1999"},{"key":"CIT0019","unstructured":"Carvin, A. 2000. Mind the gap: The digital divide as the civil rights issue of the new millennium. Multimedia Schools 7(1). Retrieved 10 May, 2001. (http:\/\/www.infotoday.com\/MMSchools\/ Jan2000\/carvin.htm)"},{"key":"CIT0020","volume-title":"The rise of the network society","author":"Castells M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cisler, S. 2000. Subtract the digital divide. Online essay. Retrieved 7 July, 2003. (http:\/\/home.inreach.com\/cisler\/divide.htm)","DOI":"10.5210\/fm.v5i11.805"},{"key":"CIT0022","unstructured":"Cope, B., and Kalantzis, M. eds. 2000. Multiliteracies: Literacy learning and the design of social futures. London: Routledge."},{"key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corea, S. 2000. Cultivating technological innovation for development. Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries 2(2):1-15. Retrieved 20 December 2001 (http:\/\/www.ejisdc.org\/ vol2\/v2r2.pdf)","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1681-4835.2000.tb00009.x"},{"key":"CIT0024","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Literacy, society, and schooling","author":"deCastell S.","year":"1986"},{"key":"CIT0025","volume-title":"Parchment, printing, and hypermedia: Communication in world order transformation","author":"Deibert R.","year":"1997"},{"key":"CIT0026","unstructured":"DiMaggio, P. J., and Hargittai, Ii. 2001. From the \"digital divide\" to \"digital inequality\": Studying Internet use as penetration increases (Working Paper 19). Princeton, NJ: Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies, Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University."},{"key":"CIT0027","volume-title":"The technological bluff","author":"Ellul J.","year":"1990"},{"key":"CIT0028","volume-title":"Origins of Western literacy","author":"Havelock Ii.","year":"1963"},{"key":"CIT0029","volume-title":"The muse learns to write: Reflections on orality and literacy from antiquity to the present","author":"Havelock Ii.","year":"1986"},{"key":"CIT0030","first-page":"188","volume-title":"The political economy of contemporary Egypt","author":"Hinnebusch R. A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodas, S. 1993. Technology refusal and the organizational culture of schools. Education Policy Analysis Archives 1 (10). Retrieved 7 July, 2003. (http:\/\/epaa.asu.edu\/epaa\/vln10.html)","DOI":"10.14507\/epaa.v1n10.1993"},{"key":"CIT0032","unstructured":"Hudson, M. 2000. A \"Pan-Arab Virtual Think Tank\": Encircling the Arab information environment. Middle East Journal, 54(3)."},{"key":"CIT0033","volume-title":"Egypt: Human development report 1997 1998","year":"1998"},{"key":"CIT0034","unstructured":"Jarboe, K. P. 2001. Inclusion in the information age: Reframing the debate (Online report]. Athena Alliance. Retrieved 15 December 2001. (http:\/\/www.athenaalliance.org\/inclusion.html)"},{"key":"CIT0035","first-page":"149","volume-title":"International handbook of educational reform","author":"Jarrar S. A.","year":"1992"},{"key":"CIT0036","unstructured":"Ministry of Education. 1993. General report on national survey of teaching practices, Student achievement, and school effectiveness. Cairo: Eduation Planning and Information Division, Research and Analysis Directorate, Ministry of Iiducation."},{"key":"CIT0037","volume-title":"Mubarak and education: The national project for developing education","year":"1999"},{"key":"CIT0038","volume-title":"Falling through the Net: Toward digital inclusion","year":"2000"},{"key":"CIT0039","unstructured":"Osin, L. 1998. Computers in education in developing countries: Why and how? Education and Technology Series Vol. 3, Number 1. Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved 31 December 2001. (http:\/\/www-wds.worldbank.org\/)"},{"key":"CIT0040","unstructured":"PCs, Teachers Omitted from New Computer Science Curriculum. 2000. Egyptian Gazette, 22 September, p. 2."},{"key":"CIT0041","first-page":"458","volume-title":"Technical change and economic theory","author":"Perez C.","year":"1988"},{"key":"CIT0042","unstructured":"Potashnik, M. 1996. Chile's learning network. Education and Technology Series Vol. 1, Number 2. Washington, DC: World Bank Education and Technology Team."},{"key":"CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674433014","volume-title":"The psychology of literacy","author":"Scribner S.","year":"1981"},{"key":"CIT0044","volume-title":"Literacy in theory and practice","author":"Street B.","year":"1984"},{"key":"CIT0045","volume-title":"The school environment in Egypt: A sitnational analysis of public preparatory schools","author":"Tawila S.","year":"2000"},{"key":"CIT0046","volume-title":"Technology: A tool for developing education in the 21st century","year":"1997"},{"key":"CIT0047","volume-title":"Literacy in a digital world","author":"Tyner K.","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["The Information Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/01972240309490","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T20:06:19Z","timestamp":1704917179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/01972240309490"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/01972240309490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01972240309490","relation":{},"ISSN":["0197-2243","1087-6537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0197-2243","type":"print"},{"value":"1087-6537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}}}