{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T13:46:08Z","timestamp":1767015968213,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2006.10399835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,8]],"date-time":"2011-09-08T18:20:53Z","timestamp":1315506053000},"page":"109-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Drugs-Violence Nexus Among Mexican-American Gang Members"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Avelardo","family":"Valdez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles D.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Cepeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00949.x","volume":"40","author":"Agnew R.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"volume-title":"Code of the Streets: Decency, Violence and the Moral Life of the Inner City.","year":"1999","author":"Anderson E.","key":"CIT0002"},{"key":"CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427898035002003","volume":"35","author":"Baron S. W.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency"},{"key":"CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010491218273","volume":"29","author":"Beyers J. M.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"volume-title":"Street Gang Crime in Chicago.","year":"1993","author":"Block C. R.","key":"CIT0005"},{"key":"CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2003.00165.x","volume":"108","author":"Christoffersen M. N.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"CIT0007","first-page":"671","volume":"35","author":"Cleary S. D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"key":"CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00198-8","volume":"27","author":"Colsman M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"CIT0009","first-page":"395","volume":"32","author":"Dawkins M. P.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"volume-title":"Drugs and Violence: Causes, Correlates, and Consequences.","year":"1990","author":"De La Rosa M.","key":"CIT0010"},{"key":"CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1177\/002204269602600205","volume":"26","author":"Donovan J. E.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Issues"},{"key":"CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00453-7","volume":"57","author":"Drukker M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Social Science and Medicine"},{"key":"CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.6.985","volume":"87","author":"Ellickson P.","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01876641","volume":"13","author":"Evans W.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal"},{"key":"CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.12.4.65","volume":"12","author":"Fagan J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"key":"CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1989.tb01049.x","volume":"27","author":"Fagan J.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"key":"CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1177\/002204269002000301","volume":"20","author":"Fagan J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Issues"},{"key":"CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1177\/002204268501500406","author":"Goldstein P. J.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Drug Issues"},{"key":"CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(98)00010-X","volume":"23","author":"Grunbaum J. A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.63.4.518","volume":"63","author":"Guerra N. G.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"volume-title":"Ethnography, Principles in Practice.","year":"1995","author":"Hammersley M.","key":"CIT0021"},{"key":"CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-100108437","volume":"36","author":"Harrison L. D.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Substance Use and Misuse"},{"volume-title":"Substance Abuse and Gang Violence.","year":"1992","author":"Hoffer T. A.","key":"CIT0023"},{"volume-title":"The Urban Underclass.","year":"1991","author":"Jencks C.","key":"CIT0024"},{"volume-title":"Inner-City Poverty in the United States.","year":"1990","author":"Jencks C.","key":"CIT0025"},{"key":"CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.2.117","volume":"48","author":"Jessor R.","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"volume-title":"Beyond Adolescence: Problem Behavior and Young Adult Development.","year":"1991","author":"Jessor R.","key":"CIT0027"},{"key":"CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2001.tb00921.x","volume":"39","author":"Kaplan H. B.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"volume-title":"Urban Underclass Database: An Overview and Machine-Readable File Documentation.","year":"1993","author":"Kasarda J. D.","key":"CIT0029"},{"volume-title":"Seductions of Crime: Moral and Sensual Attractions in Doing Evil.","year":"1988","author":"Katz J.","key":"CIT0030"},{"key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195095340.001.0001","volume-title":"The American Street Gang: Its Nature, Prevalence and Control.","author":"Klein M. W.","year":"1995"},{"key":"CIT0032","first-page":"161","volume":"153","author":"Li X.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine"},{"key":"CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00184-7","volume":"55","author":"Macdonald S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"volume-title":"The Drug-Crime Connection.","year":"1981","author":"McBride D. C.","key":"CIT0034"},{"volume-title":"Understanding and Preventing Violence: Volume 3, Social Influences.","year":"1994","author":"Miczek K. A.","key":"CIT0035"},{"volume-title":"Drugs and Violence: Causes, Correlates and Consequences.","year":"1991","author":"Moore J.","key":"CIT0036"},{"volume-title":"Going Down to the Barrio: Homeboys and Homegirls in Change.","year":"1991","author":"Moore J. W.","key":"CIT0037"},{"volume-title":"Mexican American Women Addicts: The Influence of Family Background.","year":"1990","author":"Moore J. W.","key":"CIT0038"},{"key":"CIT0039","first-page":"265","volume":"70","author":"Moore J. W.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Social Science Quarterly"},{"volume-title":"Homeboys: Gangs, Drugs, and Prison in the Barrios of Los Angeles.","year":"1978","author":"Moore J. W.","key":"CIT0040"},{"volume-title":"Reports of the National Juvenile Justice Assessment Centers, Police Handling Youth Gangs.","year":"1983","author":"Needle J.","key":"CIT0041"},{"key":"CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1300\/J079v22n03_03","volume":"22","author":"O'Keefe M.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Social Service Research"},{"volume-title":"The Gang as an American Enterprise.","year":"1992","author":"Padilla F. M.","key":"CIT0043"},{"key":"CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764290033004008","volume":"33","author":"Page J. B.","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2307\/2095660","volume":"54","author":"Pescosolido B. A.","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(90)90031-M","volume":"31","author":"Plutchik R.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-5846(89)90107-3","volume":"13","author":"Plutchik R.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90048-6","volume":"28","author":"Plutchik R.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1086\/220968","volume":"57","author":"Porterfeld A.","year":"1952","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199501000-00018","volume":"34","author":"Roberts R. E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"volume-title":"Understanding and Preventing Violence: Volume 3, Social Influences.","year":"1994","author":"Sampson R. J.","key":"CIT0051"},{"key":"CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.2307\/2657367","volume":"64","author":"Sampson R. J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5328.918","volume":"277","author":"Sampson R. J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"volume-title":"Gangbangs and Drive-bys: Grounded Culture and Juvenile Gang Violence.","year":"1994","author":"Sanders W. B.","key":"CIT0054"},{"key":"CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/1054-139X(96)00131-0","volume":"19","author":"Saner H.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.17.1.121","volume":"17","author":"Santisteban D. A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology: JFP: Journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43)"},{"key":"CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3109\/16066350109141130","volume":"9","author":"Sifaneck S. J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addiction Research and Theory"},{"volume-title":"Gang Intervention Handbook.","year":"1993","author":"Spergel I. A.","key":"CIT0058"},{"key":"CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1990.10472552","volume":"22","author":"Spunt B. J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"volume-title":"Gangs and Delinquency in Developmental Perspective","year":"2003","author":"Thorberry T. P.","key":"CIT0060"},{"key":"CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(01)00290-8","volume":"28","author":"Unger J. B.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1300\/J023v14n01_12","volume":"14","author":"Valdez A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drugs and Society"},{"key":"CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1995.10471682","volume":"27","author":"Valdez A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427803256231","volume":"41","author":"Valdez A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency"},{"key":"CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999709040945","volume":"23","author":"Valdez A.","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7560\/787483","volume-title":"A Rainbow of Gangs: Street Cultures in the Mega-City","author":"Vigil J. D.","year":"2002"},{"key":"CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1525\/eth.1988.16.4.02a00040","volume":"16","author":"Vigil J. D.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ethos"},{"key":"CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7560\/776135","volume-title":"Barrio Gangs: Street Life and Identity in Southern California.","author":"Vigil J. D.","year":"1988"},{"key":"CIT0069","first-page":"351","volume":"12","author":"Watters J. K.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Contemporary Drug Problems"},{"volume-title":"The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City. the Underclass and Public Policy.","year":"1987","author":"Wilson W. J.","key":"CIT0070"},{"volume-title":"Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Aggression","year":"1983","author":"Wurmser L.","key":"CIT0071"},{"key":"CIT0072","first-page":"195","volume":"24","author":"Yin Z.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Free Inquiry-Special Issue: Gang, Drugs and Violence"},{"key":"CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195121452.001.0001","volume-title":"American Youth Violence.","author":"Zimring F. E.","year":"1998"},{"key":"CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-200302000-00004","volume":"19","author":"Zun L. S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics Emergency Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psychoactive Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/02791072.2006.10399835","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T05:35:17Z","timestamp":1741584917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02791072.2006.10399835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/02791072.2006.10399835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02791072.2006.10399835","relation":{},"ISSN":["0279-1072","2159-9777"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0279-1072"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2159-9777"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}