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ARF incidence and RHD prevalence are unacceptably inequitable for M\u0101ori and Pacifica. Recent qualitative research has demonstrated mismatches between the lived experience of those with ARF\/RHD and health service experience they encounter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>NZ\u2010led research has contributed knowledge to all stages of disease prevention (primordial, primary and secondary) and for tertiary management. Modifiable risk factors for ARF are racism across health sectors, household crowding, barriers to accessing primary health care, a high intake of sugar\u2010sweetened beverages and preceding sore throat and skin infections. NZ research has evaluated the impact of a large\u2010scale sore throat management programme and Streptococcal A vaccine development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>This review highlights two programme domains of research by the authors that have the potential to reduce the burden of chronic RHD: firstly, effective immunomodulation of ARF to reduce the severity of carditis, with current clinical trials of hydroxychloroquine in NZ; secondly, the development of echocardiographic screening of previously undetected RHD. This now meets criteria for an effective screening test and has potential translation for disease control of RHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/03036758.2024.2306981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T21:58:53Z","timestamp":1707343133000},"page":"241-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The roles of immuno\u2010modulator treatment and echocardiographic screening in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease control: research from Aotearoa, New Zealand"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Nigel","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services Starship Children's Hospital Te Whatu Ora\u2013Health New Zealand Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health The University of 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