{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T02:41:17Z","timestamp":1789267277306,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    For countries like New Zealand with high renewable electricity generation (\u226580%) but large emissions per capita, traditional decarbonisation methods are limited or costly. However, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies can drive multiple sectors of the economy across the net\u2010zero barrier through negative CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions. We argue that the key to scaling up CDR begins with the preponderance of New Zealand's geothermal and biomass resources. New Zealand has a proud and innovative history with geothermal energy, currently producing \u223c20% of the country's electricity. Modern advances in geothermal energy have demonstrated that it is peerless amongst renewable energy\u2010sources in the ability to facilitate onsite CDR by repurposing existing wells. We examine a theoretical bioenergy retrofit at the Ng\u0101wh\u0101 geothermal plant to increase capacity by 1\u00a0MWe, with as much biogenic CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    as permissible dissolved in reinjectate. Forestry residues are the feedstock of choice due to their abundance in the Far North. We show that up to 15.9 ktCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/year can be removed effectively from the atmosphere. Only 6% of the Far North's forestry residues are required to achieve this. Under 2024s emissions trading scheme (ETS), the annual revenue of CDR ($0.79\u00a0million) could exceed that of new electricity ($0.47\u00a0million).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/03036758.2024.2385807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T13:00:24Z","timestamp":1723381224000},"page":"893-911","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["From carbon neutral to carbon negative: a theoretical bioenergy and CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    removal retrofit at Ng\u0101wh\u0101 geothermal power station"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3885-1682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karan","family":"Titus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9951-2625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Peer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Hanik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nga\u0304wha\u0304 Generation Ltd Ng\u0101wh\u0101 Springs New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz7005"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Managing Aotearoa New Zealand's greenhouse gas emissions from aviation","volume":"54","author":"Callister P","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10704965211070034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Coriolis.2023.Finding the way: emerging and future platforms in New Zealand's bioeconomy."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Dal PortoF PasquiG FedeliM.2016.Geothermal power plant production boosting by biomass combustion: Cornia 2 case study. 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