{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:55:10Z","timestamp":1791968110471,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/policies-text-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"NRF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"MSIT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Avian Pathology"],"DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2026.2718378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:38:36Z","timestamp":1791967116000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Emergence of the GI-23 lineage of infectious bronchitis virus in Brazilian backyard poultry"],"prefix":"10.1080","author":[{"given":"Andreina de Carvalho","family":"Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sao Paulo","place":["Pirassununga, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian de Moura","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sao Paulo","place":["Pirassununga, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongwoo","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel R\u00e9dua","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sao Paulo","place":["Pirassununga, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0160-9515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme Pereira","family":"Scagion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sao Paulo","place":["Pirassununga, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovana Santos","family":"Caleiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7250-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jansen","family":"de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhubia Silveira Martins","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP","place":["Campinas, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7308-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarice Weis","family":"Arns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biology, University of Campinas \u2013 UNICAMP","place":["Campinas, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabelle Mariano","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Health Coordination of S\u00e3o Paulo State","place":["Campinas, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Roberto Blandino de Lima","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poultry Health Coordination of S\u00e3o Paulo State","place":["Campinas, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5804-7045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Rosado","family":"Spilki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University","place":["Novo Hamburgo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Hun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3261-3712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena Lage","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sao Paulo","place":["Pirassununga, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6968","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006968","article-title":"Epicollect: linking smartphones to web applications for epidemiology, ecology and community data collection","volume":"4","author":"Aanensen D.M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aanensen, D.M., Huntley, D.M., Feil, E.J., al-Own, F. & Spratt, B.G. (2009). Epicollect: linking smartphones to web applications for epidemiology, ecology and community data collection. PLoS One, 4, e6968.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci7040204","article-title":"Infectious bronchitis virus in Egypt: genetic diversity and vaccination strategies","volume":"7","author":"Abozeid H.H.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abozeid, H.H. & Naguib, M.M. (2020). Infectious bronchitis virus in Egypt: genetic diversity and vaccination strategies. Veterinary Sciences, 7, 1\u20139.","journal-title":"Veterinary Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-024-02614-5","article-title":"Full-length genome reveals genetic diversity and extensive recombination patterns of Saudi GI-1 and GI-23 genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus","volume":"22","author":"Alhafufi A.N.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alhafufi, A.N., Kasem, S., Almajhdi, F.N., Albaqshi, H.A., Alaql, F.A., Rihan, E.A., Abd-Allah, E.M., Alyousaf, A.A., Aljasem, Y.K., Aljehani, N.D. & Haridy, M.A. (2025). Full-length genome reveals genetic diversity and extensive recombination patterns of Saudi GI-1 and GI-23 genotypes of infectious bronchitis virus. Virology Journal, 22, 1.","journal-title":"Virology Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul S.F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Altschul, S.F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W. & Lipman, D.J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology, 215, 403\u2013410.","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Biology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","unstructured":"Applied Biosystems. (2024). Design & analysis software (Version 2.6.0). Thermo Fisher Scientific. https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.07.018","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a real-time Taqman RT-PCR assay for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus from infected chickens","volume":"138","author":"Callison S.A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Callison, S.A., Hilt, D.A., Boynton, T.O., Sample, B.F., Robison, R., Swayne, D.E. & Jackwood, M.W. (2006). Development and evaluation of a real-time Taqman RT-PCR assay for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus from infected chickens. Journal of Virological Methods, 138, 60\u201365.","journal-title":"Journal of Virological Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.09.001","article-title":"Development and validation of a real-time Taqman\u00ae PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in poultry","volume":"139","author":"Callison S.A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Callison, S.A., Riblet, S.M., Oldoni, I., Sun, S., Zavala, G., Williams, S., Resurreccion, R.S., Spackman, E. & Garcia, M. (2007). Development and validation of a real-time Taqman\u00ae PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in poultry. Journal of Virological Methods, 139, 31\u201338.","journal-title":"Journal of Virological Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2017.1365116","article-title":"Genetic characterisation and analysis of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from Brazilian flocks between 2010 and 2015","volume":"58","author":"Carranza C.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carranza, C., Astolfi-Ferreira, C.S., Santander Parra, S.H., Nu\u00f1ez, L.F.N., Penzes, Z., Chac\u00f3n, J.L., Sesti, L., Chac\u00f3n, R.D. & Piantino Ferreira, A.J. (2017). Genetic characterisation and analysis of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from Brazilian flocks between 2010 and 2015. British Poultry Science, 58, 610\u2013623.","journal-title":"British Poultry Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450500367682","article-title":"Coronaviruses in poultry and other birds","volume":"34","author":"Cavanagh D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cavanagh, D. (2005). Coronaviruses in poultry and other birds. Avian Pathology, 34, 439\u2013448.","journal-title":"Avian Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006055","article-title":"Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus","volume":"38","author":"Cavanagh D.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cavanagh, D. (2007). Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus. Veterinary Research, 38, 281\u2013297.","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2010.544641","article-title":"Epidemiological survey and molecular characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Brazil between 2003 and 2009","volume":"40","author":"Chacon J.L.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chacon, J.L., Rodrigues, J.N., Assayag Junior, M.S., Peloso, C., Pedroso, A.C. & Ferreira, A.J. (2011). Epidemiological survey and molecular characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Brazil between 2003 and 2009. Avian Pathology, 40, 153\u2013162.","journal-title":"Avian Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.019","article-title":"Use of sequence-independent, single-primer-amplification (SISPA) for rapid detection, identification, and characterization of avian RNA viruses","volume":"509","author":"Chrzastek K.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chrzastek, K., Lee, D.H., Smith, D., Sharma, P., Suarez, D.L., Pantin-Jackwood, M. & Kapczynski, D.R. (2017). Use of sequence-independent, single-primer-amplification (SISPA) for rapid detection, identification, and characterization of avian RNA viruses. Virology, 509, 159\u2013166.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.03.014","article-title":"Phylodynamic analysis and molecular diversity of the avian infectious bronchitis virus of chickens in Brazil","volume":"61","author":"de Fraga A.P.","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Fraga, A.P., Gr\u00e4f, T., Pereira, C.S., Ikuta, N., Fonseca, A.S.K. & Lunge, V.R. (2018). Phylodynamic analysis and molecular diversity of the avian infectious bronchitis virus of chickens in Brazil. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 61, 77\u201383.","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2011.566260","article-title":"Infectious bronchitis virus variants: a review of the history, current situation and control measures","volume":"40","author":"de Wit J.J.S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Wit, J.J.S., Cook, J.K. & van der Heijden, H.M. (2011). Infectious bronchitis virus variants: a review of the history, current situation and control measures. Avian Pathology, 40, 223\u2013235.","journal-title":"Avian Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.2307\/1593097","article-title":"Characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from outbreaks of disease in commercial flocks in Brazil","volume":"44","author":"Di Fabio J.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Di Fabio, J., Rossini, L.I., Orbell, S.J., Paul, G., Huggins, M.B., Malo, A., Silva, B.G. & Cook, J.K. (2000). Characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from outbreaks of disease in commercial flocks in Brazil. Avian Diseases, 44, 582\u2013589.","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2020.1754332","article-title":"New PA\/1220\/98-like variant of infectious bronchitis virus in Poland","volume":"49","author":"Domanska-Blicharz K.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Domanska-Blicharz, K., Sajewicz-Krukowska, J. & Lisowska, A. (2020). New PA\/1220\/98-like variant of infectious bronchitis virus in Poland. Avian Pathology, 49, 380\u2013388.","journal-title":"Avian Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37068","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-21138-8","article-title":"Phylodynamic and phylogeographic reconstruction of IBV lineages: diverse paths and determinants, one goal for control","volume":"15","author":"Franzo G.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Franzo, G., Legnardi, M., Baston, R., Poletto, F., Andolfatto, C., Tucciarone, C.M. & Cecchinato, M. (2025). Phylodynamic and phylogeographic reconstruction of IBV lineages: diverse paths and determinants, one goal for control. Scientific Reports, 15, 37068.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9090656","article-title":"Molecular and antigenic characterization of GI-13 and GI-16 avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Chile from 2009 to 2017 regarding 4\/91 vaccine introduction","volume":"9","author":"Guzman M.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guzman, M., Saenz, L. & Hidalgo, H. (2019). Molecular and antigenic characterization of GI-13 and GI-16 avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Chile from 2009 to 2017 regarding 4\/91 vaccine introduction. Animals, 9, 656.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0230567","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230567","article-title":"Knowledge and remaining gaps on the role of animal and human movements in the poultry production and trade networks in the global spread of avian influenza viruses \u2013 a scoping review","volume":"15","author":"Hautefeuille C.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hautefeuille, C., Dauphin, G. & Peyre, M. (2020). Knowledge and remaining gaps on the role of animal and human movements in the poultry production and trade networks in the global spread of avian influenza viruses \u2013 a scoping review. PLoS One, 15, e0230567.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281","article-title":"UFBoot2: improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation","volume":"35","author":"Hoang D.T.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoang, D.T., Chernomor, O., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B.Q. & Vinh, L.S. (2018). UFBoot2: improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 518\u2013522.","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-020-04920-z","article-title":"The emergence, evolution and spread of infectious bronchitis virus genotype GI-23","volume":"166","author":"Houta M.H.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Houta, M.H., Hassan, K.E., El-Sawah, A.A., Elkady, M.F., Kilany, W.H., Ali, A. & Abdel-Moneim, A.S. (2021). The emergence, evolution and spread of infectious bronchitis virus genotype GI-23. Archives of Virology, 166, 9\u201326.","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11030691","article-title":"Genetic analysis of infectious bronchitis virus S1 gene reveals novel amino acid changes in the GI-16 lineage in Peru","volume":"11","author":"Icochea E.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Icochea, E., Gonzalez, R., Castro-Sanguinetti, G., Maturrano, L., Alzamora, L., Sesti, L., Chac\u00f3n, J. & More-Bayona, J. (2023). Genetic analysis of infectious bronchitis virus S1 gene reveals novel amino acid changes in the GI-16 lineage in Peru. Microorganisms, 11, 691.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14724","article-title":"Emergence and molecular characterization of the avian infectious bronchitis virus GI-23 in commercial broiler farms from South America","volume":"69","author":"Ikuta N.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ikuta, N., Fonseca, A.S.K., Fernando, F.S., Filho, T.F., Martins, N. & Lunge, V.R. (2022). Emergence and molecular characterization of the avian infectious bronchitis virus GI-23 in commercial broiler farms from South America. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 69, 3167\u20133172.","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.3390\/v15061229","article-title":"Evolution and epidemic spread of the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) GI-23 in Brazil","volume":"15","author":"Ikuta N.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ikuta, N., Kipper, D., Freitas, D.S.S.D., Fonseca, A.S.K. & Lunge, V.R. (2023). Evolution and epidemic spread of the avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) GI-23 in Brazil. Viruses, 15, 1229.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1637\/10227-043012-Review.1","article-title":"Review of infectious bronchitis virus around the world","volume":"56","author":"Jackwood M.W.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jackwood, M.W. (2012). Review of infectious bronchitis virus around the world. Avian Diseases, 56, 634\u2013641.","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285","article-title":"Modelfinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates","volume":"14","author":"Kalyaanamoorthy S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017). Modelfinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods, 14, 587\u2013589.","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh K.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013). MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 772\u2013780.","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W293","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","article-title":"Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation","volume":"49","author":"Letunic I.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Letunic, I. & Bork, P. (2021). Interactive tree of life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation. Nucleic Acids Research, 49, W293\u2013W296.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2017.09.010","article-title":"First characterization of a Middle-East GI-23 lineage (Var2-like) of infectious bronchitis virus in Europe","volume":"242","author":"Lisowska A.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lisowska, A., Sajewicz-Krukowska, J., Fusaro, A., Pikula, A. & Domanska-Blicharz, K. (2017). First characterization of a Middle-East GI-23 lineage (Var2-like) of infectious bronchitis virus in Europe. Virus Research, 242, 43\u201348.","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.152-160.1999","article-title":"Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination","volume":"73","author":"Lole K.S.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lole, K.S., Bollinger, R.C., Paranjape, R.S., Gadkari, D., Kulkarni, S.S., Novak, N.G., Ingersoll, R., Sheppard, H.W. & Ray, S.C. (1999). Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination. Journal of Virology, 73, 152\u2013160.","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12050435","article-title":"Emergence and dissemination of the avian infectious bronchitis virus lineages in poultry farms in South America","volume":"12","author":"Lunge V.R.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lunge, V.R., Kipper, D., Streck, A.F., Fonseca, A.S.K. & Ikuta, N. (2025). Emergence and dissemination of the avian infectious bronchitis virus lineages in poultry farms in South America. Veterinary Sciences, 12, 435.","journal-title":"Veterinary Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.01.020","article-title":"Novel genotype of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in China","volume":"230","author":"Ma T.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma, T., Xu, L., Ren, M., Shen, J., Han, Z., Sun, J., Zhao, Y. & Liu, S. (2019). Novel genotype of infectious bronchitis virus isolated in China. Veterinary Microbiology, 230, 178\u2013186.","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071581","article-title":"Genome variability of infectious bronchitis virus in Mexico: high lineage diversity and recurrent recombination","volume":"15","author":"Marandino A.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marandino, A., Mendoza-Gonz\u00e1lez, L., Panzera, Y., Tom\u00e1s, G., Williman, J., Techera, C., Gayosso-V\u00e1zquez, A., Ram\u00edrez-Andoney, V., Alonso-Morales, R., Realpe-Quintero, M. & P\u00e9rez, R. (2023). Genome variability of infectious bronchitis virus in Mexico: high lineage diversity and recurrent recombination. Viruses, 15, 1581.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1637\/aviandiseases-D-21-00103","article-title":"Genetic and antigenic diversity of infectious bronchitis virus in South America","volume":"65","author":"Marandino A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marandino, A. & Perez, R. (2021). Genetic and antigenic diversity of infectious bronchitis virus in South America. Avian Diseases, 65, 624\u2013630.","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2016.05.007","article-title":"Development of RT-qPCR assays for the specific identification of two major genotypes of avian infectious bronchitis virus","volume":"235","author":"Marandino A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marandino, A., Tom\u00e1s, G., Hern\u00e1ndez, M., Panzera, Y., Craig, M.I., Vagnozzi, A., Vera, F., Techera, C., Grecco, S., Banda, A. & Hern\u00e1ndez, D. (2016). Development of RT-qPCR assays for the specific identification of two major genotypes of avian infectious bronchitis virus. Journal of Virological Methods, 235, 21\u201325.","journal-title":"Journal of Virological Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102095","article-title":"Origin of new lineages by recombination and mutation in avian infectious bronchitis virus from South America","volume":"14","author":"Marandino A.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marandino, A., Vagnozzi, A., Tom\u00e1s, G., Techera, C., Gerez, R., Hern\u00e1ndez, M., Williman, J., Realpe, M., Greif, G., Panzera, Y. & P\u00e9rez, R. (2022). Origin of new lineages by recombination and mutation in avian infectious bronchitis virus from South America. Viruses, 14, 2095.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"veaa087","DOI":"10.1093\/ve\/veaa087","article-title":"RDP5: a computer program for analyzing recombination in, and removing signals of recombination from, nucleotide sequence datasets","volume":"7","author":"Martin D.P.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin, D.P., Varsani, A., Roumagnac, P., Botha, G., Maslamoney, S., Schwab, T., Kelz, Z., Kumar, V. & Murrell, B. (2021). RDP5: a computer program for analyzing recombination in, and removing signals of recombination from, nucleotide sequence datasets. Virus Evolution, 7, veaa087.","journal-title":"Virus Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102076","article-title":"Research note: high genetic diversity of infectious bronchitis virus from Mexico","volume":"101","author":"Mendoza-Gonzalez L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mendoza-Gonzalez, L., Marandino, A., Panzera, Y., Tomas, G., Williman, J., Techera, C., Gayosso-V\u00e1zquez, A., Ram\u00edrez-Andoney, V., Alonso-Morales, R., Realpe-Quintero, M. & P\u00e9rez, R. (2022). Research note: high genetic diversity of infectious bronchitis virus from Mexico. Poultry Science, 101, 102076.","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa131","article-title":"Corrigendum to: IQ-TREE 2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era","volume":"37","author":"Minh B.Q.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Minh, B.Q., Schmidt, H.A., Chernomor, O., Schrempf, D., Woodhams, M.D., von Haeseler, A. & Lanfear, R. (2020a). Corrigendum to: IQ-TREE 2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 37, 2461.","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015","article-title":"IQ-TREE 2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era","volume":"37","author":"Minh B.Q.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Minh, B.Q., Schmidt, H.A., Chernomor, O., Schrempf, D., Woodhams, M.D., von Haeseler, A. & Lanfear, R. (2020b). IQ-TREE 2: new models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 37, 1530\u20131534.","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2014.913770","article-title":"Emergence of avian infectious bronchitis in a non-vaccinating country","volume":"43","author":"Pohjola L.K.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pohjola, L.K., Ek-Kommonen, S.C., Tammiranta, N.E., Kaukonen, E.S., Rossow, L.M. & Huovilainen, T.A. (2014). Emergence of avian infectious bronchitis in a non-vaccinating country. Avian Pathology, 43, 244\u2013248.","journal-title":"Avian Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325346","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1325346","article-title":"Avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) review by continent","volume":"14","author":"Rafique S.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rafique, S., Jabeen, Z., Pervaiz, T., Rashid, F., Luo, S., Xie, L. & Xie, Z. (2024). Avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) review by continent. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 14, 1325346.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112562","article-title":"New insights into avian infectious bronchitis virus in Colombia from whole-genome analysis","volume":"14","author":"Ramirez-Nieto G.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramirez-Nieto, G., Mir, D., Almansa-Villa, D., Cordoba-Argotti, G., Beltran-Leon, M., Rodriguez-Osorio, N., Garai, J., Zabaleta, J. & Gomez, A.P. (2022). New insights into avian infectious bronchitis virus in Colombia from whole-genome analysis. Viruses, 14, 2562.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2025","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2025). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez568","article-title":"Pathogenicity of a QX-like avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in China","volume":"99","author":"Ren G.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ren, G., Liu, F., Huang, M., Li, L., Shang, H., Liang, M., Luo, Q. & Chen, R. (2020). Pathogenicity of a QX-like avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in China. Poultry Science, 99, 111\u2013118.","journal-title":"Poultry Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13030521","article-title":"Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in vaccinated and non-vaccinated broilers in Brazil: surveillance and persistence of vaccine viruses","volume":"13","author":"Salles G.B.C.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salles, G.B.C., Pilati, G.V.T., Savi, B.P., Dahmer, M., Muniz, E.C., Vogt, J.R., Lima Neto, A.J.D. & Fongaro, G. (2025). Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in vaccinated and non-vaccinated broilers in Brazil: surveillance and persistence of vaccine viruses. Microorganisms, 13, 521.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","unstructured":"SDA-MAPA. (2022). Plano de vigil\u00e2ncia de Influenza Avi\u00e1ria e Doen\u00e7a de Newcastle. In S.d.D. Animal (Ed.). 6 de julho de 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3256","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3256-3260.2002","article-title":"Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes","volume":"40","author":"Spackman E.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spackman, E., Senne, D.A., Myers, T.J., Bulaga, L.L., Garber, L.P., Perdue, M.L., Lohman, K., Daum, L.T. & Suarez, D.L. (2002). Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40, 3256\u20133260.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051200","article-title":"Pathogenicity of GI-23 avian infectious bronchitis virus strain isolated in Brazil","volume":"15","author":"Trevisol I.M.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Trevisol, I.M., Caron, L., Mores, M.A.Z., Voss-Rech, D., da Silva Zani, G., Back, A., Marchesi, J.A.P. & Esteves, P.A. (2023). Pathogenicity of GI-23 avian infectious bronchitis virus strain isolated in Brazil. Viruses, 15, 1200.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2016.02.015","article-title":"S1 gene-based phylogeny of infectious bronchitis virus: an attempt to harmonize virus classification","volume":"39","author":"Valastro V.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Valastro, V., Holmes, E.C., Britton, P., Fusaro, A., Jackwood, M.W., Cattoli, G. & Monne, I. (2016). S1 gene-based phylogeny of infectious bronchitis virus: an attempt to harmonize virus classification. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 39, 349\u2013364.","journal-title":"Infection, Genetics and Evolution"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.3390\/v16091463","article-title":"Detection and molecular characterization of GI-1 and GI-23 avian infectious bronchitis virus in broilers indicate the emergence of new genotypes in Bolivia","volume":"16","author":"Villanueva-P\u00e9rez D.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Villanueva-P\u00e9rez, D., Tataje-Lavanda, L., Montalv\u00e1n-Avalos, A., Paredes-Inofuente, D., Montoya-Ortiz, S., Isasi-Rivas, G., Fern\u00e1ndez, M.F., Fern\u00e1ndez-S\u00e1nchez, M. & Fern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz, M. (2024). Detection and molecular characterization of GI-1 and GI-23 avian infectious bronchitis virus in broilers indicate the emergence of new genotypes in Bolivia. Viruses, 16, 1463.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2014.10.009","article-title":"The avian coronavirus spike protein","volume":"194","author":"Wickramasinghe I.N.A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wickramasinghe, I.N.A., van Beurden, S.J., Weerts, E.A.W.S. & Verheije, M.H. (2014). The avian coronavirus spike protein. Virus Research, 194, 37\u201348.","journal-title":"Virus Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.329-338.2004","article-title":"Development of a real-time reverse-transcription PCR for detection of Newcastle disease virus RNA in clinical samples","volume":"42","author":"Wise M.G.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wise, M.G., Suarez, D.L., Seal, B.S., Pedersen, J.C., Senne, D.A., King, D.J., Kapczynski, D.R. & Spackman, E. (2004). Development of a real-time reverse-transcription PCR for detection of Newcastle disease virus RNA in clinical samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 42, 329\u2013338.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"}],"container-title":["Avian Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/03079457.2026.2718378","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/03079457.2026.2718378","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/03079457.2026.2718378","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:38:44Z","timestamp":1791967124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/03079457.2026.2718378"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["10.1080\/03079457.2026.2718378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03079457.2026.2718378","relation":{},"ISSN":["0307-9457","1465-3338"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0307-9457","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-3338","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=cavp20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=cavp20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2026-04-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-25","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}