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This article argues that dependency resolution is mediated by cue\u2010based retrieval, constrained by independently motivated working memory principles defined in a cognitive architecture. To demonstrate this, this article investigates an unusual instance of dependency resolution, the processing of negative and positive polarity items, and confirms a surprising prediction of the cue\u2010based retrieval model: Partial\u2010cue matches\u2014which constitute a kind of similarity\u2010based interference\u2014can give rise to the intrusion of ungrammatical retrieval candidates, leading to both processing slow\u2010downs and even errors of judgment that take the form of illusions of grammaticality in patently ungrammatical structures. A notable achievement is that good quantitative fits are achieved without adjusting the key model parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/03640210802066865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,20]],"date-time":"2008-06-20T14:43:39Z","timestamp":1213973019000},"page":"685-712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Processing Polarity: How the Ungrammatical Intrudes on the Grammatical"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Shravan","family":"Vasishth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Br\u00fcssow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Heiner","family":"Drenhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.4.1036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Cognitive processes in comprehension","author":"Anderson J. 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