{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T23:38:43Z","timestamp":1770507523616,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Management Information Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/07421222.1991.11517916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]],"date-time":"2015-12-18T21:11:59Z","timestamp":1450473119000},"page":"167-181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Implications of Declining Enrollments in Undergraduate CIS Programs in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"8","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Edward G.","family":"Cale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Mawhinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Callaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","volume-title":"The American Freshman: Twenty Year Trends","author":"Astin A.W.","year":"1987"},{"key":"CIT0002","volume-title":"The American Freshman: National Norms for Fall 1987","author":"Astin A.W.","year":"1987"},{"key":"CIT0003","volume-title":"The American Freshman: National Norms for Fall 1988","author":"Astin A.W.","year":"1988"},{"key":"CIT0004","volume-title":"The American Freshman: National Norms for Fall 1989","author":"Astin A.W.","year":"1989"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0007","first-page":"270","volume":"28","author":"Computer science for secondary schools: course content","year":"1985","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"CIT0008","volume-title":"Motivating and Managing Computer Personnel","author":"Couger J.D.","year":"1980"},{"issue":"17","key":"CIT0009","volume":"8","author":"Daly A.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mass High Tech"},{"key":"CIT0011","first-page":"13","author":"Duke P.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Wall Street Journal"},{"key":"CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221546.1988.11780210"},{"key":"CIT0016","volume-title":"Developing the World Class Information Systems Organization","author":"Kanter J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"CIT0020","unstructured":"Mawhinney, C.H. Factors Affecting the Utilization of Personal Computers by Managers and Executives. Ph.D. dissertation. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1986."},{"issue":"1","key":"CIT0022","volume":"21","author":"Mawhinney C.H.","year":"1989","journal-title":"SIGCSEBulletin"},{"key":"CIT0023","volume-title":"1989 Directory of Management Information Systems Faculty in the United States and Canada","author":"MISRC\/McGraw-Hill","year":"1989"},{"key":"CIT0024","volume-title":"Digest of Education Statistics 1989","author":"National Center for Education Statistics","year":"1989"},{"key":"CIT0025","volume-title":"Management Information Systems: A Managerial End User Perspective","author":"O\u2019Brien J.A.","year":"1990"},{"issue":"3","key":"CIT0026","first-page":"275","volume":"28","author":"Proposed curriculum for programs leading to teacher certification in computer science","year":"1985","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"CIT0027","volume-title":"Principles of Management Information Systems","author":"Scott G.M.","year":"1986"},{"key":"CIT0028","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Monthly Labor Review","author":"Silvestri G.T.","year":"1985"},{"key":"CIT0029","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Monthly Labor Review","author":"Silvestri G.T.","year":"1987"},{"key":"CIT0030","volume-title":"Business Career Opportunities Working with Computer, Information Systems, and Communications","author":"The Society for Information Management","year":"1988"}],"container-title":["Journal of Management Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/07421222.1991.11517916","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T19:39:07Z","timestamp":1531769947000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/07421222.1991.11517916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/07421222.1991.11517916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07421222.1991.11517916","relation":{},"ISSN":["0742-1222","1557-928X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0742-1222","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-928X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,6]]}}}