{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T09:00:46Z","timestamp":1768986046581,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of American College Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,3]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2015.1068173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]],"date-time":"2015-09-14T17:23:33Z","timestamp":1442251413000},"page":"482-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Readjustment of Urban Veterans: A Mental Health and Substance Use Profile of Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans in Higher Education"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Ross D.","family":"Aikins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","first-page":"140","volume-title":"Called to Serve: A Handbook on Student Veterans and Higher Education","author":"Mikelson JD","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mikelson JD, Saunders KP. Enrollment, transfers, and degree completion for veterans. In: Hamrick FA, Rumann CB, eds. Called to Serve: A Handbook on Student Veterans and Higher Education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2013:140\u2013164."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1949-6605.1908"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","volume-title":"From Soldier to Student II: Assessing Campus Programs for Veterans and Service Members","author":"McBain L","year":"2012","unstructured":"McBain L, Kim YM, Cook BJ, Snead KM. From Soldier to Student II: Assessing Campus Programs for Veterans and Service Members. Washington, DC: American Council on Education; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801855306"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/book.29451"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","unstructured":"US Department of Defense. Defense Activity of Non-Traditional Education Support (DANTES). Available at: http:\/\/www.dantes.doded.mil\/_content\/fact-sheets\/FactSheetFY11.pdf. Published 2011. Accessed August 7 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","volume-title":"Military Service Members and Veterans in Higher Education: What the New GI Bill May Mean for Postsecondary Institutions","author":"Radford AW","year":"2009","unstructured":"Radford AW. Military Service Members and Veterans in Higher Education: What the New GI Bill May Mean for Postsecondary Institutions. Washington, DC: American Council on Education; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Foreword with a challenge: leading our campuses away from the perfect storm","volume":"22","author":"Grossman PD","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grossman PD. Foreword with a challenge: leading our campuses away from the perfect storm. J Postsecond Educ Disabil. 2009;22:4\u20139.","journal-title":"J Postsecond Educ Disabil."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","volume-title":"Serving Those Who Serve: Higher Education and America's Veterans","author":"American Council on Education","year":"2009","unstructured":"American Council on Education. Serving Those Who Serve: Higher Education and America's Veterans. Washington, DC: American Council on Education; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2011.00166.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221546.2009.11779022"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11162-005-8886-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","volume-title":"A Stronger Nation through Higher Education: Closing the Gaps in College Attainment","author":"Matthews D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matthews D. A Stronger Nation through Higher Education: Closing the Gaps in College Attainment. Indianapolis, IN: The Lumina Foundation; 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","volume-title":"Effects of the Post-9\/11 GI Bill on Veterans' Enrollment","author":"Rubalcaba JA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rubalcaba JA. Effects of the Post-9\/11 GI Bill on Veterans' Enrollment. Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Higher Education; November 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e527612010-001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","first-page":"224","article-title":"Returning veterans on campus with war related injuries and the long road back home","volume":"22","author":"Church TE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Church TE. Returning veterans on campus with war related injuries and the long road back home. J Postsecond Educ Disabil. 2009;22:224\u2013232.","journal-title":"J Postsecond Educ Disabil."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","first-page":"191","article-title":"Veterans with disabilities in postsecondary education","volume":"22","author":"Madaus JW","year":"2009","unstructured":"Madaus JW, Miller WK, Vance ML. Veterans with disabilities in postsecondary education. J Postsecond Educ Disabil. 2009;22:191\u2013198.","journal-title":"J Postsecond Educ Disabil."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: the \u2018signature wound\u2019 of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan","author":"Emmons M","year":"2006","unstructured":"Emmons M. Traumatic brain injury: the \u2018signature wound\u2019 of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Oakland Tribune. December 26, 2006.","journal-title":"Oakland Tribune"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","volume-title":"The Veterans Health Administration's Treatment of PTSD and Traumatic Brain Injury Among Recent Combat Veterans","author":"Congressional Budget Office","year":"2012","unstructured":"Congressional Budget Office. The Veterans Health Administration's Treatment of PTSD and Traumatic Brain Injury Among Recent Combat Veterans. Washington, DC: The Congress of the United States; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3182005de3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","volume-title":"Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Active Duty Military Personnel: A Component of the Defense Lifestyle Assessment Program","author":"Bray RM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bray RM. Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors Among Active Duty Military Personnel: A Component of the Defense Lifestyle Assessment Program. Darby, PA: Diane Publishing; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jsarp-2014-0003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"U.S. military veterans transition to college: combat PTSD and alienation on campus","volume":"48","author":"Eliot M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eliot M, Gonzalez C, Larsen B. U.S. military veterans transition to college: combat PTSD and alienation on campus. J Stud Aff Res Pract. 2011;48:279\u2013296.","journal-title":"J Stud Aff Res Pract."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09687637.2011.647123"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.35.4.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025164"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","first-page":"387","article-title":"Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and health risk behaviors among Afghanistan and Iraq war veterans attending college","volume":"35","author":"Widhome R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Widhome R, Kehle SM, Carlson KF, Nelson Laska M, Gulden A, Lust K. Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and health risk behaviors among Afghanistan and Iraq war veterans attending college. Am J Health Behav. 2011;35:387\u2013392.","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","volume-title":"Invisible Wounds: Mental Health and Cognitive Care Needs of America's Returning Veterans","author":"RAND Center for Military Health Policy Research","year":"2008","unstructured":"RAND Center for Military Health Policy Research. Invisible Wounds: Mental Health and Cognitive Care Needs of America's Returning Veterans. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation; 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","volume-title":"Health Promotion, Risk Reduction, Suicide Prevention, Report 2010","author":"US Army Office of the Chief of Public Affairs","year":"2010","unstructured":"US Army Office of the Chief of Public Affairs. Health Promotion, Risk Reduction, Suicide Prevention, Report 2010. Washington, DC: US Army Office for the Chief of Public Affairs; 2010. Available at: http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/documents\/environ\/Armypreventrept10.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","volume-title":"Army Health Promotion Risk Reduction Suicide Prevention Report 2010","author":"Chiarelli PW","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chiarelli PW. Army Health Promotion Risk Reduction Suicide Prevention Report 2010. Darby, PA: Diane Publishing; 2010."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ss.311"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","volume-title":"From Soldier to Student: Easing the Transition of Service Members on Campus","author":"Cook BJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cook BJ, Kim YM. From Soldier to Student: Easing the Transition of Service Members on Campus. Washington, DC: American Council on Education; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","first-page":"xxi","volume-title":"Strangers at Home: Vietnam Veterans Since the War","author":"Figley CR","year":"1980","unstructured":"Figley CR, Leventman S. Introduction: estrangement and victimization. In: Figley CR, Leventman S, eds. Strangers at Home: Vietnam Veterans Since the War. New York: Praeger; 1980:xxi\u2013xxxi."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031650"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221546.2010.11779060"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1949-6605.6292"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","first-page":"1975","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future National Survey Results On Drug Use","author":"Johnston LD","year":"2012","unstructured":"Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results On Drug Use, 1975\u20132011. Vol. 2. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CHI.0000346415.84096.89"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448480209595713"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use 1975\u20132012","author":"Johnston LD","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use 1975\u20132012. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA); 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019898114335"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","volume-title":"Student Development in College: Theory, Research, and Practice","author":"Evans NJ","year":"1998","unstructured":"Evans NJ, Forney DS, Guido-DiBrito F. Student Development in College: Theory, Research, and Practice. 1st ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers; 1998.","edition":"1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2010.483708"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2012.721427"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. Substance abuse among the military veterans and their families. Available at: http:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/veterans.pdf. Published 2012. Accessed September 14 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3096941"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.2002.49.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9531.2011.01244.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"Effectiveness of respondent-driven sampling for recruiting drug users in New York City: findings from a pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Abdul-Quader AS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abdul-Quader AS, Heckathorn DD, McKnight C, et\u00a0al. Effectiveness of respondent-driven sampling for recruiting drug users in New York City: findings from a pilot study. AIDS Behav. 2006;9:403\u2013408.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-009-9365-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.127464"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549071220S108"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-009-9377-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.149930"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_1","first-page":"48","volume-title":"Changing the Beat: A Study of the Worklife of Jazz Musicians. Vol. 3. Respondent-Driven Sampling","author":"Jeffri J","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jeffri J. Social networks of jazz musicians. In: Nichols B, Ball D, Link G, Burks J, eds. Changing the Beat: A Study of the Worklife of Jazz Musicians. Vol. 3. Respondent-Driven Sampling. Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts; 2003:48\u201361."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124108318333"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_1","volume-title":"National Survey on Drug Use and Health Public Use Codebook","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2009","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. National Survey on Drug Use and Health Public Use Codebook. Washington, DC: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_1","unstructured":"US Department of Defense. Enhanced postdeployment health assessment process. Available at: http:\/\/www.pdhealth.mil\/dcs\/dd_form_2796.asp. Published: September 14 2009. Accessed: August 7 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1441.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_1","volume-title":"Invisible Wounds: Predicting the Immediate and Long-Term Consequences of Mental Health Problems in Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom","author":"Karney BR","year":"2008","unstructured":"Karney BR, Ramchand R, Osilla KC, Caldaraone LB, Burns RM. Invisible Wounds: Predicting the Immediate and Long-Term Consequences of Mental Health Problems in Veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Santa Monica, CA: RAND; 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.5.2.164"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.4.1.92"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_68_1","unstructured":"Heckathorn DD. Respondent driven sampling. Available at: http:\/\/www.respondentdrivensampling.org. Published 2013. Accessed August 8 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3090265"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_70_1","volume-title":"Principles of Trauma Therapy","author":"Briere J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Briere J, Scott C. Principles of Trauma Therapy. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_71_1","volume-title":"An Achievable Vision: Report of the Department of Defense Task Force on Mental Health","author":"US Department of Defense Task Force on Mental Health","year":"2007","unstructured":"US Department of Defense Task Force on Mental Health. An Achievable Vision: Report of the Department of Defense Task Force on Mental Health. Falls Church, VA: Defense Health Board; 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_72_1","first-page":"394\u2013400","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in female veterans: association with self-reported health problems and functional impairment","volume":"164","author":"Dobie DJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dobie DJ, Kivlahan DR, Maynard C, Bush KR, Davis TM, Bradley KA. Posttraumatic stress disorder in female veterans: association with self-reported health problems and functional impairment. Arch Intern Med. 2001;164:394\u2013400.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_73_1","volume-title":"Women Veterans: Past, Present and Future","author":"US Department of Veterans Affairs","year":"2007","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs. Women Veterans: Past, Present and Future. Washington, DC: US Department of Veterans Affairs; 2007."}],"container-title":["Journal of American College Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/07448481.2015.1068173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T19:41:29Z","timestamp":1768938089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/07448481.2015.1068173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/07448481.2015.1068173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2015.1068173","relation":{},"ISSN":["0744-8481","1940-3208"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0744-8481","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-3208","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=vach20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=vach20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2013-11-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-06-02","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-06-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-09-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}