{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T16:04:44Z","timestamp":1783613084616,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of American College Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2024.2412072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T12:53:51Z","timestamp":1728478431000},"page":"3421-3432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adverse Childhood Experiences, maladaptive coping behaviours and protective factors in undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1316-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Kimberly","family":"Haslam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dental Hygiene, Dalhousie University","place":["Halifax, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Hamilton-Hinch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Human Performance","place":["Halifax, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Laurentian University","place":["Sudbury, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Munroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Dalhousie University","place":["Halifax, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonya","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Dalhousie University","place":["Halifax, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences, Dalhousie University","place":["Halifax, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Dalhousie University","place":["Halifax, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","unstructured":"CACUSS. NCHA-II Spring 2019 Canadian Reference Group Executive Summary.pdf. Available at: https:\/\/campusmentalhealth.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/NCHA-II_SPRING_2019_CANADIAN_REFERENCE_GROUP_EXECUTIVE_SUMMARY.pdf. Published 2019. Accessed May 4 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","unstructured":"APA. College students\u2019 mental health is a growing concern survey finds. Available at: https:\/\/www.apa.org\/monitor\/2013\/06\/college-students. Published 2013. Accessed July 21 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","unstructured":"NAMI. College-Students-Speak_A-Survey-Report-on-Mental-H.pdf. Available at: https:\/\/www.nami.org\/Support-Education\/Publications-Reports\/Survey-Reports\/College-Students-Speak_A-Survey-Report-on-Mental-H. Published 2011. Accessed September 13 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7054-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01490400.2018.1483851"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","unstructured":"MentalHealth.gov. What is mental health? Available at: https:\/\/www.mentalhealth.gov\/basics\/what-is-mental-health. Published 2023. Accessed September 13 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","unstructured":"youth.gov. Risk & protective factors. Available at: https:\/\/youth.gov\/youth-topics\/youth-mental-health\/risk-and-protective-factors-youth. Published 2009. Accessed September 15 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","unstructured":"SAMHSA. 20190718-samhsa-risk-protective-factors.pdf. Available at: https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/20190718-samhsa-risk-protective-factors.pdf. Published 2019. Accessed September 15 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e32816ebc8c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516681880"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2016.1154559"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078390319886923"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjo.2020.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-848"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6844e1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","unstructured":"Mackay-Neorr CL. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and toxic stress among college students: prevalence risks and academic success. ProQuest. Available at: https:\/\/www.proquest.com\/openview\/d47a008c49203833bb4565eee2c57c3d\/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=51922&diss=y. Published 2019. Accessed July 27 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ijnes-2021-0013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09411-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","unstructured":"CDC. About the CDC-Kaiser ACE study |Violence Prevention|Injury Center. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/aces\/about.html. Published March 17 2022. Accessed September 7 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2009.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0145-2134(01)00293-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.8.1453"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.559213"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30118-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profnurs.2021.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2018.1431892"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25777\/6apd-kg74"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2019.1650772"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-019-01047-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539515589812"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2509"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","unstructured":"Department of Health. Risk and protective factors. Available at: https:\/\/www1.health.gov.au\/internet\/publications\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/mental-pubs-p-mono-toc\u223cmental-pubs-p-mono-kno\u223cmental-pubs-p-mono-kno-cur\u223cmental-pubs-p-mono-kno-cur-ris. Published 2021. Accessed September 15 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7870\/cjcmh-2020-002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.4.822"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034709"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01597"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076564"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","unstructured":"Grasgreen A. Researchers apply hope theory to boost college student success. Available at: https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/2012\/07\/06\/researchers-apply-hope-theory-boost-college-student-success. Published 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2011.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12310-017-9212-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2017.1365319"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.94.4.820"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","unstructured":"APA. Forgiveness can improve mental and physical health. Available at: https:\/\/www.apa.org\/monitor\/2017\/01\/ce-corner. Published 2017. Accessed February 20 2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.65030\/idr.07006","article-title":"An investigation of character strengths in relation to the academic success of college students","volume":"7","author":"Lounsbury JW","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lounsbury JW, Fisher LA, Levy JJ, Welsh DP. An investigation of character strengths in relation to the academic success of college students. Individ Differ Res. 2009;7(1):52\u201369.","journal-title":"Individ Differ Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","unstructured":"CAMH. Stress. Available at: https:\/\/www.camh.ca\/en\/health-info\/mental-illness-and-addiction-index\/stress. Published 2021. Accessed February 20 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpe.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","unstructured":"VOCEDplus. National tertiary student wellbeing survey 2016 | VOCEDplus the international tertiary education and research database. Available at: https:\/\/www.voced.edu.au\/content\/ngv:84691. Published 2017. Accessed January 2 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-017-1091-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029854"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tct.13056"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42844-020-00001-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2018.1471016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/JACH.56.5.569-578"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2017.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","unstructured":"Kabat-Zinn J Hanh TN. Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress Pain and Illness. New York: Delacorte; 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-020-01561-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2014.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","unstructured":"APA. Building your resilience. Available at: https:\/\/www.apa.org\/topics\/resilience\/building-your-resilience. Published 2020. Accessed September 7 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2017.04.161"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2017.1304478"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.03.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2020.104440"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_1","unstructured":"Dalhousie University. Dalhousie-Community-Equity-Data-Report-2019.pdf. Available at: https:\/\/cdn.dal.ca\/content\/dam\/dalhousie\/pdf\/dept\/hres\/AnnualReport\/Dalhousie-Community-Equity-Data-Report-2019.pdf. Published 2019. Accessed January 2 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48019\/PEAM8812"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_1","unstructured":"Philip A. Real-world strategies: Assessing for ACEs and brief interventions in an integrated care environment. 2018. Available at: https:\/\/www.thenationalcouncil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Real-world-strategies-Assessing-for-ACEs-and-brief-interventions-in-an-integrated-care-environment-8.30.18.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037723"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23761407.2018.1548403"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_1","unstructured":"Dalhousie University Resilience Research Centre. Resilience Research Tools & Resources. Available at: https:\/\/resilienceresearch.org\/. Accessed September 16 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_1","unstructured":"University of Pennsylvania. Positive Psychology Center. Available at: https:\/\/ppc.sas.upenn.edu\/. Published 2021. Accessed September 16 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_1","first-page":"31","volume-title":"The Social Psychology of Health: The Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology","author":"Cohen S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen S. Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In: Spacapan S, Oskamp S, eds. The Social Psychology of Health: The Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, Inc; 1988:31\u201367."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00537"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023910315561"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470713853.ch3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_1","unstructured":"PURPOSE_MEANING-AdultHopeScale.pdf. https:\/\/fetzer.org\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/stories\/pdf\/selfmeasures\/PURPOSE_MEANING-AdultHopeScale.pdf. Accessed January 1 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2005.00311.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_1","volume-title":"Mplus User\u2019s Guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n LK","year":"2007","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n BO. Mplus User\u2019s Guide. 5th ed. Los Angeles: Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n; 2007.","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci10020044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_1","unstructured":"Government of Canada SC. The Daily\u2014Study: youth and education in Canada. Available at: https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/211004\/dq211004c-eng.htm. Published October 2021. Accessed July 14 2022."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2018.1498851"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2761"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2018.2537"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14703297.2019.1676284"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-021-00358-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02063-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_1","unstructured":"WHO. Adverse childhood experiences international questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/adverse-childhood-experiences-international-questionnaire-(ace-iq). Published 2020. Accessed July 23 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10852352.2012.707443"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112696"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.02.001"}],"container-title":["Journal of American College Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/07448481.2024.2412072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T02:46:32Z","timestamp":1765248392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/07448481.2024.2412072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/07448481.2024.2412072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2024.2412072","relation":{},"ISSN":["0744-8481","1940-3208"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0744-8481","type":"print"},{"value":"1940-3208","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=vach20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=vach20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2023-02-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-19","order":1,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}