{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T10:51:34Z","timestamp":1779101494043,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/07853890310017044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,25]],"date-time":"2004-02-25T15:55:37Z","timestamp":1077724537000},"page":"50-61","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Corticotropin\u2010releasing hormone (CRH) in psychiatry: from stress to psychopathology"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Stephan","family":"Claes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6267699","volume":"213","author":"Vale W","year":"1981","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902850402"},{"key":"CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3072","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-09-03072.1989","volume":"9","author":"Herman JP","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)02114-9","volume":"850","author":"Makino S","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"CIT0005","first-page":"255","author":"Davis M","year":"1992","journal-title":"The amygdala"},{"key":"CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000123454","volume":"36","author":"Swanson LW","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"CIT0007","first-page":"324","volume":"8","author":"Austin MC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Increased cortico-tropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in monoamine-containing pontine nuclei of depressed suicide men. Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0008","first-page":"164","volume":"13","author":"Orth DN","year":"1992","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(97)00030-9","volume":"22","author":"Heinrichs SC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1054\/npep.1999.0047","volume":"33","author":"Heinrichs SC","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"CIT0011","first-page":"217","volume":"48","author":"Raza J","year":"1998","journal-title":"Direct effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone on stimulated growth hormone secretion. Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"CIT0012","first-page":"388","volume":"377","author":"Nikolarakis KE","year":"1986","journal-title":"Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hor-mone (GnRH) release from superfused rat hypothalami in vitro. Brain Res"},{"key":"CIT0013","first-page":"147","volume":"73","author":"Makino S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Multiple feedback mechanisms activating corticotropin-releasing hormone sys-tem in the brain during stress. Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"CIT0014","first-page":"2680","volume":"15","author":"Rivest S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immune challenge and immobilization stress induce transcription of the gene encoding the CRF receptor in selective nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. J Neurosci"},{"key":"CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001032","volume":"7","author":"Gold PW","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0016","first-page":"1140","volume":"41","author":"Thakore JH","year":"1997","journal-title":"Increased intra-abdominal fat deposition in patients with major depressive illness as measured by computed tomo-graphy. Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(98)00029-8","volume":"23","author":"Vazquez DM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(93)90189-V","volume":"18","author":"Plotsky PM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"CIT0020","first-page":"1212","volume":"137","author":"Ladd CO","year":"1996","journal-title":"Persistent changes in corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems induced by maternal deprivation. Endocrinology"},{"key":"CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)02985-2","volume":"950","author":"Huot RL","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.4.1619","volume":"93","author":"Coplan JD","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.5.592","volume":"284","author":"Heim C","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.12.2072","volume":"159","author":"Vythilingam M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.7.979","volume":"151","author":"Blazer DG","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810240013002","volume":"47","author":"Frank E","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.2.184","volume":"155","author":"Vaillant GE","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0028","first-page":"3123","volume":"94","author":"Pratt LA","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prospective data from the Baltimore ECA follow-up. Circulation"},{"key":"CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610173351602","volume":"335","author":"Michelson D","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.128.1.31","volume":"128","author":"Carpenter WT","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1970.01750040001001","volume":"23","author":"Sachar EJ","year":"1970","journal-title":"A clinical and bio-chemical clarification. Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(66)90062-6","volume":"10","author":"McClure DJ","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"CIT0033","first-page":"43","volume":"6","author":"Carroll BJ","year":"1976","journal-title":"Urinary free cortisol excretion in depression. Psychol Med"},{"key":"CIT0034","first-page":"381","volume":"52","author":"Gold PW","year":"2002","journal-title":"New insights into the role of cortisol and the glucocorticoid receptor in severe depression. Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00159-7","volume":"23","author":"Holsboer F","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820050048008","volume":"49","author":"Nemeroff CB","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)63163-5","volume":"86","author":"Sapolsky RM","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(92)90079-F","volume":"32","author":"Starkman MN","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.157.1.115","volume":"157","author":"Bremner JD","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0040","first-page":"1087","volume":"47","author":"Vakili K","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hippocampal volume in primary unipolar major depression: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.83","volume":"160","author":"Posener JA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0337481100","volume":"100","author":"McQueen GM","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6334362","volume":"226","author":"Nemeroff CB","year":"1984","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"CIT0044","first-page":"873","volume":"144","author":"Banki CM","year":"1987","journal-title":"CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreac-tivity in depression and schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0045","first-page":"95","volume":"6","author":"Risch SC","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"CIT0046","first-page":"577","volume":"45","author":"Nemeroff CB","year":"1988","journal-title":"Reduced corticotropin releasing factor binding sites in the frontal cortex of suicide victims. Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000908","volume":"6","author":"Hiroi N","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.9.1372","volume":"152","author":"Raadsheer FC","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0049","first-page":"575","volume":"158","author":"Heim C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Altered pituitary-adrenal axis responses to provocative challenge tests in adult survivors of childhood abuse. Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0050","first-page":"69","volume":"6","author":"Nemeroff CB","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuro-psychiatry: focus on corticotropin-releasing factor. Neuro-psychopharmacology"},{"key":"CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00224-3","volume":"46","author":"Heim C","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300071","volume":"28","author":"Newport DJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"CIT0053","first-page":"93","volume":"4","author":"Holsboer F","year":"1988","journal-title":"Repeated dexametha-sone suppression test during depressive illness. J Affect Disord"},{"key":"CIT0054","first-page":"1253","volume":"144","author":"Task APA","year":"1987","journal-title":"The dexamethasone suppression test: an overview of its current status in psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.11.1618","volume":"150","author":"Ribeiro SC","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0056","first-page":"163","volume":"38","author":"Holsboer-Trachsler E","year":"1991","journal-title":"Repeated administration of the combined dexamethasone-human corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation test during treatment of depression. Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.949","volume":"156","author":"Zobel AW","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-6-2505","volume":"117","author":"Reul JM","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)01088-X"},{"key":"CIT0060","first-page":"24","volume":"60","author":"Young EA","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor function in major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1159\/000127023","volume":"62","author":"Holsboer F","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neuro-endocrinology"},{"key":"CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00144-9","volume":"18","author":"Modell S","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10179","volume":"114","author":"Villafuerte SM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00539-8","volume":"44","author":"Catalan R","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(00)00021-2","volume":"34","author":"Oshima A","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(88)90081-X","volume":"15","author":"Casper RC","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00312-5","volume":"42","author":"Geracioti TD","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.5.624","volume":"154","author":"Bremner JD","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.4.585","volume":"156","author":"Baker DG","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(89)90050-4","volume":"26","author":"Smith MA","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biol Psychia-try"},{"issue":"17","key":"CIT0073","first-page":"41","volume":"62","author":"Yehuda R","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01264-1","volume":"50","author":"Rasmusson A","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00489-1","volume":"42","author":"Stein MB","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psy-chiatry"},{"key":"CIT0076","first-page":"583","volume":"52","author":"Yehuda R","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dose-response changes in plasma cortisol and lymphocyte gluco-corticoid receptors following dexamethasone administration in combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0077","first-page":"849","volume":"42","author":"Kellner M","year":"1997","journal-title":"Salivary cortisol in Operation Desert Storm returnees. Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(93)90252-9","volume":"34","author":"Yehuda R","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01395-1","volume":"52","author":"Rinne T","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-73-6-1224","volume":"73","author":"Demitrack MA","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"CIT0081","first-page":"1331","volume":"31","author":"A J Parker","year":"2001","journal-title":"The neuroendocrinology of chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. Psychol Med"},{"key":"CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(99)00028-1","volume":"24","author":"Scott LV","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendo-crinology"},{"key":"CIT0083","first-page":"389","volume":"28","author":"Geenen R","year":"2002","journal-title":"Evaluation and manage-ment of endocrine dysfunction in fibromyalgia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"CIT0084","first-page":"75","volume":"62","author":"Licinio J","year":"1996","journal-title":"The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00189-9","volume":"45","author":"Invitti C","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1990.tb00464.x","volume":"33","author":"Estour B","year":"1990","journal-title":"v. dexamethasone in anorexia nervosa. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1450165"},{"key":"CIT0088","first-page":"93","volume":"72","author":"Neudeck P","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dexamethasone suppres-sion test using saliva cortisol measurement in bulimia nervosa. Physiol Behav"},{"key":"CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03346-2","volume":"954","author":"Silva SM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"CIT0090","first-page":"75","volume":"53","author":"Zimmermann U","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system adaptation to detoxification in alcohol-dependent patients is affected by family history of alcoholism. Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-72-6-1290","volume":"72","author":"Wand GS","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"CIT0092","first-page":"441","volume":"14","author":"von Bardeleben U","year":"1989","journal-title":"Human CRH stimulation response during acute withdrawal and after medium-term abstention from alcohol abuse. Psychoneuro-endocrinology"},{"key":"CIT0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810160025004","volume":"47","author":"Adinoff B","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(96)00001-7","volume":"21","author":"Costa A","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"CIT0095","first-page":"687","volume":"25","author":"Hundt W","year":"2001","journal-title":"The combined dexamethasone-suppression\/CRH-stimula-tion test in alcoholics during and after acute withdrawal. Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"CIT0096","first-page":"896","volume":"143","author":"Roy-Byrne PP","year":"1986","journal-title":"The corticotropin-releasing hormone stimula-tion test in patients with panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"CIT0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(93)90246-Y","volume":"53","author":"Suemaru S","year":"1993","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"CIT0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(92)90091-J","volume":"25","author":"Banki CM","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"CIT0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01157-X","volume":"49","author":"Heim C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Annals of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/07853890310017044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]],"date-time":"2024-12-15T12:15:54Z","timestamp":1734264954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/07853890310017044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/07853890310017044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890310017044","relation":{},"ISSN":["0785-3890","1365-2060"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0785-3890","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2060","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}}}