{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:13:23Z","timestamp":1787066003410,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]],"date-time":"2007-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1006,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Paediatrica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Aim<\/jats:italic>\n                    : The aim of this study was to investigate possible gender\u2010related differences in clinical parameters during the first week of life that could explain the higher morbidity and mortality of preterm male infants.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    : In total, 130 clinical variables were collected from 236 inborn infants (130 male and 106 female infants) with gestational age (GA) &gt;29wk. A subgroup of 175 extremely low birthweight infants (ELBW) &gt;1000 g (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 86 males;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 89 females) was analysed separately.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    : At 6 postnatal h, 60.8% of the male infants needed mechanical ventilation versus 46.2% of the females (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.026). Chronic lung disease (CLD) developed in 36.2% of males versus 9.8% of female infants (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.004). Inotrope support with dopamine was used in more than 50% of the infants; additional inotrope support to dopamine was needed by 19.4% of male and 9.7% of female infants (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.041). The gender\u2010related difference in need for inotrope support was more evident among the ELBW infants; 67.1% of male infants needed inotrope support versus 50.6% of females (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.028). At 12\u201324 h, male ELBW infants had lower minimum mean arterial blood pressure (mean (SD) 25(4) mmHg vs 28(6) mmHg,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.004)) and lower minimum PaCO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    than females infants (4.3 (1.1) kPa vs 4.7 (0.9) kPa,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.043).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>\n                    : There are early gender\u2010related differences in need for ventilatory and circulatory support that may contribute to the worse long\u2010term outcome in prematurely born male infants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250410024998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,2]],"date-time":"2004-04-02T12:07:32Z","timestamp":1080907652000},"page":"529-533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Preterm male infants need more initial respiratory and circulatory support than female infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Elsm\u00e9n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I Hansen","family":"Pupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Hellstr\u00f6m\u2010Westas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.1.27","article-title":"Birth weight less than 800 grams: changing outcomes and influences of gender and gestation number","volume":"86","author":"Hoffman EL","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81556-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.4.633"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","first-page":"102","article-title":"Survival and subsequent outcome to five years of age for infants with birth weights less than 801 grams born from 1983 to 1989","volume":"18","author":"Kilbride HW","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.83.3.F182"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1216"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008103430601"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(00)00105-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994068"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70101-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70567-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00258-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(94)90009-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80282-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1998.11020099.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92296-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2307\/1131187","article-title":"Sex differences in neonatal stress reactivity","volume":"66","author":"Davis M","year":"1995","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200103000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.86.3.331","article-title":"Maternal glucocorticoid therapy and reduced risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"86","author":"Marter LJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Paediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000014219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.3.336","article-title":"Blood pressure ranges in premature infants: II. 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