{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:08:13Z","timestamp":1780337293631,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Informa UK Limited","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.tandfonline.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Computer Information Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,4]]},"DOI":"10.1080\/08874417.2017.1318687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]],"date-time":"2017-05-24T10:28:05Z","timestamp":1495621685000},"page":"197-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/tandf_crossmark_01","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Managers\u2019 and Employees\u2019 Differing Responses to Security Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1080","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8410-1188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puzant","family":"Balozian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7159-6273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorothy","family":"Leidner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7435-7676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merrill","family":"Warkentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"301","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_2_1","first-page":"593","volume":"23","author":"Agerfalk PJ.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agerfalk PJ. Insufficient theoretical contribution: a conclusive rationale for rejection. Eur J Inf Syst. 2014;23(6):593\u2013599.","journal-title":"Insufficient theoretical contribution: a conclusive rationale for rejection. Eur J Inf Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_3_1","first-page":"105","volume":"55","author":"Aguinis H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aguinis H, Gottfredson RK, Joo H. Delivering effective performance feedback: the strengths-based approach. Bus Horiz. 2012;55(2):105\u2013111.","journal-title":"Delivering effective performance feedback: the strengths-based approach. Bus Horiz"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_4_1","first-page":"945","volume":"90","author":"Ahearne M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ahearne M, Mathieu J, Rapp A. To empower or not to empower your sales force? An empirical examination of the influence of leadership empowerment behavior on customer satisfaction and performance. J Appl Psychol. 2005;90(5):945\u2013955.","journal-title":"To empower or not to empower your sales force? An empirical examination of the influence of leadership empowerment behavior on customer satisfaction and performance. J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_5_1","first-page":"893","volume":"93","author":"Andreoni J","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andreoni J, Harbaugh WT, Vesterlund L. The carrot or the stick: rewards, punishments and cooperation. Am Econ Rev. 2003;93(3):893\u2013902.","journal-title":"The carrot or the stick: rewards, punishments and cooperation. Am Econ Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_1","unstructured":"Barclay D Higgins C Thompson R. The partial least squares (PLS) approach to causal modeling: personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technol Stud. 1995;2(2):285\u2013309."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_7_1","first-page":"59","volume":"18","author":"Barki H","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barki H, Hartwick J. Measuring user participation, user involvement, and user attitude. MIS Q. 1994;18(1):59\u201382.","journal-title":"Measuring user participation, user involvement, and user attitude. MIS Q"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_8_1","first-page":"132","volume":"38","author":"Barrick MR","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barrick MR, Mount MK, Li N. The theory of purposeful work behavior: the role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics. Acad Manag Rev. 2013;38(1):132\u2013153.","journal-title":"The theory of purposeful work behavior: the role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics. Acad Manag Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_1","unstructured":"BBC News. Ashley Madison infidelity site\u2019s customer data stolen. 2015 Jul 20 [cited Apr 9 2016]. Available from http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/technology-33592594"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_10_1","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"Beath C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beath C, Berente N, Gallivan MJ, Lyytinen K. Expanding the frontiers of information systems research: introduction to the special issue. J Assoc Inf Syst. 2013;14(4):1\u201316.","journal-title":"Expanding the frontiers of information systems research: introduction to the special issue. J Assoc Inf Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_11_1","first-page":"151","volume":"18","author":"Boss SR","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boss SR, Kirsch LJ, Angermeier I, Shingler RA, Boss RW. If someone is watching, I\u2019ll do what I\u2019m asked: mandatoriness, control, and information security. Eur J Inf Syst. 2009;18(2):151\u2013164.","journal-title":"If someone is watching, I\u2019ll do what I\u2019m asked: mandatoriness, control, and information security. Eur J Inf Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_12_1","first-page":"837","volume":"39","author":"Boss SR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boss SR, Galletta DF, Lowry PB, Moody GD, Polak P. What do users have to fear? Using fear appeals to engender threats and fear that motivate protective security behaviors. MIS Q. 2015;39(4):837\u2013864.","journal-title":"What do users have to fear? Using fear appeals to engender threats and fear that motivate protective security behaviors. MIS Q"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_13_1","first-page":"523","volume":"34","author":"Bulgurcu B","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bulgurcu B, Cavusoglu H, Benbasat I. Information security policy compliance: an empirical study of rationality-based beliefs and information security awareness. MIS Q. 2010;34(3):523\u2013548.","journal-title":"Information security policy compliance: an empirical study of rationality-based beliefs and information security awareness. MIS Q"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_14_1","first-page":"198","volume":"20","author":"Cavusoglu H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cavusoglu H, Raghunathan S, Cavusoglu H. Configuration of and interaction between information security technologies: the case of Firewalls and intrusion detection systems. Inf Syst Res. 2009;20(2):198\u2013217.","journal-title":"Configuration of and interaction between information security technologies: the case of Firewalls and intrusion detection systems. Inf Syst Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_15_1","first-page":"49","volume":"31","author":"Chatterjee S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chatterjee S, Sarker S, Valacich JS. The behavioral roots of information systems security: exploring key factors related to unethical IT use. J Manag Inf Syst. 2015;31(4):49\u201387.","journal-title":"The behavioral roots of information systems security: exploring key factors related to unethical IT use. J Manag Inf Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_16_1","first-page":"295","volume":"295","author":"Chin WW.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chin WW. The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Mod Methods Bus Res. 1998;295(2):295\u2013336.","journal-title":"The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Mod Methods Bus Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conger JA Kanungo RN. The empowerment process: integrating theory and practice. Acad Manag Rev. 1988;13(3):471\u2013482.","DOI":"10.2307\/258093"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Corley KG Gioia DA. Building theory about theory building: what constitutes a theoretical contribution? Acad Manag Rev. 2011;36(1):12\u201332.","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.2009.0486"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2012.09.010"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_20_1","first-page":"643","volume":"3","author":"D\u2019Arcy J","year":"2011","unstructured":"D\u2019Arcy J, Herath T. A review and analysis of deterrence theory in the IS security literature: making sense of the disparate findings. Eur J Inf Syst. 2011;3(6):643\u2013658.","journal-title":"A review and analysis of deterrence theory in the IS security literature: making sense of the disparate findings. Eur J Inf Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_21_1","first-page":"285","volume":"31","author":"D\u2019Arcy J","year":"2014","unstructured":"D\u2019Arcy J, Herath T, Shoss MK. Understanding employee responses to stressful information security requirements: a coping perspective. J Manag Inf Syst. 2014;31(2):285\u2013318.","journal-title":"Understanding employee responses to stressful information security requirements: a coping perspective. J Manag Inf Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_22_1","first-page":"79","volume":"20","author":"D\u2019Arcy J","year":"2009","unstructured":"D\u2019Arcy J, Hovav A, Galletta D. User awareness of security countermeasures and its impact on information systems misuse: a deterrence approach. Inf Syst Res. 2009;20(1):79\u201398.","journal-title":"User awareness of security countermeasures and its impact on information systems misuse: a deterrence approach. Inf Syst Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_1","unstructured":"Dawes J. Five point vs. eleven point scales: does it make a difference to data characteristics? Australasian J Market Res. 2002;10(1):1\u201317."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_24_1","first-page":"61","volume":"50","author":"Dawes JG.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dawes JG. Do data characteristics change according to the number of scale points used? An experiment using 5 point, 7 point and 10 point scales. Int J Market Res. 2008;50(1):61\u201377.","journal-title":"Do data characteristics change according to the number of scale points used? An experiment using 5 point, 7 point and 10 point scales. Int J Market Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_1","unstructured":"DeMetz A. The #1 information security policy that IT managers would change. CIO Magazine 2015. Available from http:\/\/www.cio.com\/article\/2899927\/security0\/the-1-information-security-policy-that-it-managers-would-change.html"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_26_1","first-page":"1096","volume":"9","author":"DeShon RP","year":"2005","unstructured":"DeShon RP, Gillespie JZ. A motivated action theory account of goal orientation. J Appl Psychol. 2005;9(6):1096\u20131127.","journal-title":"A motivated action theory account of goal orientation. J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_27_1","first-page":"293","volume":"16","author":"Dhillon G","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dhillon G, Torkzadeh G. Value\u2010focused assessment of information system security in organizations. Inf Syst J. 2006;16(3):293\u2013314.","journal-title":"Value\u2010focused assessment of information system security in organizations. Inf Syst J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dinev T Hu Q. The centrality of awareness in the formation of user behavioral intention toward protective information technologies. J Assoc Inf Syst. 2007;8(7):386\u2013408.","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00133"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_1","unstructured":"Ernst & Young. Get ahead of cybercrime. EY\u2019s global information security survey 2014 [cited Mar 2015]. Available from http:\/\/www.ey.com\/Publication\/vwLUAssets\/EY-global-information-security-survey-2014\/$FILE\/EY-global-information-security-survey-2014.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_1","unstructured":"European Commission. Information society: introduction 2011 [WWW document] Luxemburg. [cited Mar 2015]. Available from http:\/\/epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu.ezproxy.baylor.edu\/portal\/page\/portal\/information_society\/introduction\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_31_1","first-page":"39","volume":"18","author":"Fornell C","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fornell C, Larcker DF. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J Marketing Res. 1981;18(1):39\u201350.","journal-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J Marketing Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_32_1","first-page":"203","volume":"28","author":"Guo KH","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guo KH, Yuan Y, Archer NP, Connelly CE. Understanding nonmalicious security violations in the workplace: a composite behavior model. J Manag Inf Syst. 2011;28(2):203\u2013236.","journal-title":"Understanding nonmalicious security violations in the workplace: a composite behavior model. J Manag Inf Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_1","volume-title":"A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)","author":"Hair JF","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hair JF Jr, Hult GTM, Ringle C, Sarstedt M. A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications; 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_1","volume-title":"Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ:","author":"Hair JF","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE, Tatham RL. Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall; 2009."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_35_1","first-page":"257","volume":"20","author":"Harrington SJ.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Harrington SJ. The effect of codes of ethics and personal denial of responsibility on computer abuse judgments and intentions. MIS Q. 1996;20(3):257\u2013278.","journal-title":"The effect of codes of ethics and personal denial of responsibility on computer abuse judgments and intentions. MIS Q"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_36_1","first-page":"440","volume":"40","author":"Hartwick J","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hartwick J, Barki H. Explaining the role of user participation in information system use. Manage Sci. 1994;40(4):440\u2013465.","journal-title":"Explaining the role of user participation in information system use. Manage Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_37_1","first-page":"99","volume":"49","author":"Hovav A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hovav A, D\u2019Arcy J. Applying an extended model of deterrence across cultures: an investigation of information systems misuse in the US and South Korea. Inf Manag. 2012;49(2):99\u2013110.","journal-title":"Applying an extended model of deterrence across cultures: an investigation of information systems misuse in the US and"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1110.0393"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_39_1","first-page":"97","volume":"25","author":"Johnson ME.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnson ME. Information risk of inadvertent disclosure: an analysis of file-sharing risk in the financial supply chain. J Manag Inf Syst. 2008;25(2):97\u2013124.","journal-title":"Information risk of inadvertent disclosure: an analysis of file-sharing risk in the financial supply chain. J Manag Inf Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_40_1","first-page":"549","volume":"34","author":"Johnston AC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnston AC, Warkentin M. Fear appeals and information security behaviors: an empirical study. MIS Q. 2010;34(3):549\u2013566.","journal-title":"Fear appeals and information security behaviors: an empirical study. MIS Q"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_41_1","first-page":"113","volume":"39","author":"Johnston AC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johnston AC, Warkentin M, Siponen M. An enhanced fear appeal rhetorical framework: leveraging threats to the human asset through sanctioning rhetoric. MIS Q. 2015;39(1):113\u2013134.","journal-title":"An enhanced fear appeal rhetorical framework: leveraging threats to the human asset through sanctioning rhetoric. MIS Q"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_42_1","first-page":"231","volume":"25","author":"Johnston AC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johnston AC, Warkentin M, McBride M, Carter LD. Dispositional and situational factors: influences in IS Security Policy Violations. Eur J Inf Syst. 2016;25(3):231\u2013251.","journal-title":"Dispositional and situational factors: influences in"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_1_43_1","first-page":"518","volume":"12","author":"Karjalainen M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Karjalainen M, Siponen M. Toward a new meta-theory for designing information systems (IS) security training approaches. J Assoc Inf Syst. 2011;12(8):518\u2013555.","journal-title":"Toward a new meta-theory for designing information systems (IS) security training approaches. J Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2014.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_1","unstructured":"Kerr O. How does the cybersecurity act of 2015 change the internet surveillance laws? 2015. Available from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/volokh-conspiracy\/wp\/2015\/12\/24\/how-does-the-cybersecurity-act-of-2015-change-the-internet-surveillance-laws\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_46_1","first-page":"67","volume":"53","author":"Krausert A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Krausert A. HRM systems for knowledge workers: differences among top managers, middle managers, and professional employees. Hum Resour Manage. 2014;53(1):67\u201387.","journal-title":"HRM systems for knowledge workers: differences among top managers, middle managers, and professional employees. Hum Resour Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_47_1","first-page":"95","volume":"47","author":"Kruck GP","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kruck GP, Kruck SE. Spoofing\u2013a look at an evolving threat. J Comput Inf Syst. 2006;47(1):95\u2013100.","journal-title":"Spoofing\u2013a look at an evolving threat. J Comput Inf Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9774\/GLEAF.4700.2012.su.00005"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_49_1","first-page":"295","volume":"24","author":"Lee CH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee CH, Geng X, Raghunathan S. Contracting information security in the presence of double moral hazard. Inf Syst Res. 2013;24(2):295\u2013311.","journal-title":"Contracting information security in the presence of double moral hazard. Inf Syst Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leidner DE Milovich M. Middle management and information systems strategy: the role of awareness and involvement. Paper presented at the Forty Seventh Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS); 2014; Honolulu HI.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2014.542"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_51_1","first-page":"20","volume":"55","author":"Li DC.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li DC. Online security performances and information security disclosures J Comput Inf Syst. 2015;55(2):20\u201328.","journal-title":"Online security performances and information security disclosures J Comput Inf Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_1","volume-title":"Extending the IS strategy typology: an assessment of strategy impacts on capabilities development and performance. Paper presented at the Thirty Third International Conference on Information Systems","author":"Lo J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lo J, Leidner D. Extending the IS strategy typology: an assessment of strategy impacts on capabilities development and performance. Paper presented at the Thirty Third International Conference on Information Systems; 2012; Orlando, FL."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_53_1","first-page":"153","volume":"30","author":"Lowry PB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lowry PB, Moody GD, Galletta DF, Vance A. The drivers in the use of online whistle-blowing reporting systems. J Manag Inf Syst. 2013;30(1):153\u2013190.","journal-title":"The drivers in the use of online whistle-blowing reporting systems. J Manag Inf Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markus ML Mao J. Participation in development and implementation-updating an old tired concept for today\u2019s IS contexts. J Assoc Inf Syst. 2004;5(11):514\u2013544.","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00057"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_55_1","first-page":"525","volume":"56","author":"McClean EJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"McClean EJ, Burris ER, Detert JR. When does voice lead to exit? It depends on leadership. Acad Manag J. 2013;56(2):525\u2013548.","journal-title":"When does voice lead to exit? It depends on leadership. Acad Manag J"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_1","volume-title":"The human side of enterprise","author":"McGregor D.","year":"1960","unstructured":"McGregor D. The human side of enterprise. 1st ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1960."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_57_1","first-page":"83","volume":"55","author":"Menard P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Menard P, Gatlin R, Warkentin M. Threat protection and convenience: antecedents of cloud-based data backup. J Comput Inf Syst. 2014;55(1):83\u201391.","journal-title":"Threat protection and convenience: antecedents of cloud-based data backup. J Comput Inf Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_58_1","first-page":"708","volume":"23","author":"Niehaves B","year":"2014","unstructured":"Niehaves B, Plattfaut R. Internet adoption by the elderly: employing iS technology acceptance theories for understanding the age-related digital divide. Eur J Inf Syst. 2014;23(6):708\u2013726.","journal-title":"Internet adoption by the elderly: employing iS technology acceptance theories for understanding the age-related digital divide. Eur J Inf Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_59_1","first-page":"9","volume":"55","author":"Ormond D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ormond D, Warkentin M. Is this a joke? The impact of message manipulations on risk perceptions. J Comput Inf Syst. 2015;55(2):9\u201319.","journal-title":"Is this a joke? The impact of message manipulations on risk perceptions. J Comput Inf Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/25148814"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_1_61_1","first-page":"879","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff PM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Lee J, Podsakoff NP. Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J Appl Psychol. 2003;88(5):879\u2013903.","journal-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_62_1","first-page":"1189","volume":"37","author":"Posey C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Posey C, Roberts T, Lowry PB, Bennett B, Courtney J. Insiders\u2019 protection of organizational information assets: development of a systematics-based taxonomy and theory of diversity for protection-motivated behaviors. MIS Q. 2013;37(4):1189\u20131210.","journal-title":"Insiders\u2019 protection of organizational information assets: development of a systematics-based taxonomy and theory of diversity for protection-motivated behaviors. MIS Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/10748120110424816"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_64_1","unstructured":"PWC PricewaterhouseCoopers. Managing cyber risks in an interconnected world: key findings from the global state of information security survey. 2015. Available from http:\/\/www.pwc.com\/gsiss2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_65_1","unstructured":"Ringle CM Wende S Will A. Smart PLS 2.0. Hamburg (Germany): University of Hamburg; 2005. Available from http:\/\/www.smartpls.de"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_66_1","unstructured":"Sharp A. Two people may have committed suicide after ashley madison hack: police. 2015 Aug 24. [cited Apr 9 2016]. Available from http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2015\/08\/ashley-madison-ceo-resigns-wake-hack-news-affairs\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_67_1","first-page":"41","volume":"51","author":"Shropshire JD","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shropshire JD, Warkentin M, Johnston AC. Impact of negative message framing on security adoption. J Comput Inf Syst. 2010;51(1):41\u201351.","journal-title":"Impact of negative message framing on security adoption. J Comput Inf Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_68_1","first-page":"60","volume":"38","author":"Siponen MT","year":"2007","unstructured":"Siponen MT, Oinas-Kukkonen H. A review of information security issues and respective research contributions. ACM SIGMIS Database. 2007;38(1):60\u201380.","journal-title":"A review of information security issues and respective research contributions. ACM SIGMIS Database"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_1_69_1","first-page":"64","volume":"43","author":"Siponen M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Siponen M, Pahnila S, Mahmood MA. Compliance with information security policies: an empirical investigation. Computer. 2010;43(2):64\u201371.","journal-title":"Compliance with information security policies: an empirical investigation. Computer"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_70_1","first-page":"487","volume":"34","author":"Siponen M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Siponen M, Vance A. Neutralization: new insights into the problem of employee information systems security policy violations. MIS Q. 2010;34(3):487\u2013503.","journal-title":"new insights into the problem of employee information systems security policy violations. MIS Q"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_1_71_1","first-page":"296","volume":"48","author":"Son J.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Son J. Out of fear or desire? Toward a better understanding of employees\u2019 motivation to follow IS security policies. Inf Manag. 2011;48(7):296\u2013302.","journal-title":"Out of fear or desire? Toward a better understanding of employees\u2019 motivation to follow IS security policies. Inf Manag"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/25750689"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2004.07.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_74_1","first-page":"45","volume":"14","author":"Straub DW","year":"1990","unstructured":"Straub DW, Nance WD. Discovering and disciplining computer abuse in organizations: a field study. MIS Q. 1990;14(1):45\u201360.","journal-title":"Discovering and disciplining computer abuse in organizations: a field study. MIS Q"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_1_75_1","first-page":"441","volume":"22","author":"Straub DW","year":"1998","unstructured":"Straub DW, Welke RJ. Coping with systems risk: security planning models for management decision making. MIS Q. 1998;22(4):441\u2013469.","journal-title":"Coping with systems risk: security planning models for management decision making. MIS Q"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_1_76_1","first-page":"1143","volume":"48","author":"Tyler TR","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tyler TR, Blader SL. Can businesses effectively regulate employee conduct? The antecedents of rule following in work settings. Acad Manag J. 2005;48(6):1143\u20131158.","journal-title":"Can businesses effectively regulate employee conduct? The antecedents of rule following in work settings. Acad Manag J"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_1_77_1","first-page":"679","volume":"15","author":"Vance A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vance A, Anderson BB, Kirwan CB, Eargle D. Using measures of risk perception to predict information security behavior: insights from electroencephalography (EEG). J Assoc Inf Syst. 2014;15(10):679\u2013722.","journal-title":"Using measures of risk perception to predict information security behavior: insights from electroencephalography (EEG). J Assoc Inf Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_78_1","volume-title":"Exploring the role of individual employee characteristics and personality on employee compliance with cybersecurity policies. Paper presented at the Eighteenth Americas Conference on Information Systems","author":"Warkentin M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Warkentin M, McBride M, Carter L, Johnston A. Exploring the role of individual employee characteristics and personality on employee compliance with cybersecurity policies. Paper presented at the Eighteenth Americas Conference on Information Systems; 2012a; Seattle, WA."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_79_1","volume-title":"Measuring secure behavior: a research commentary. Paper presented at the Seventh Annual Symposium on Information Assurance & Secure Knowledge Management","author":"Warkentin M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Warkentin M, Straub D, Malimage K. Measuring secure behavior: a research commentary. Paper presented at the Seventh Annual Symposium on Information Assurance & Secure Knowledge Management; 2012b; Albany, NY."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_1_80_1","first-page":"267","volume":"20","author":"Warkentin M, Johnston AC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Warkentin M, Johnston AC, Shropshire J. The influence of the informal social learning environment on information privacy policy compliance efficacy and intention. Eur J Inf Syst. 2011;20(3):267\u2013284.","journal-title":"The influence of the informal social learning environment on information privacy policy compliance efficacy and intention. Eur J Inf Syst"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warkentin M Walden EA Johnston AC Straub DW. Neural correlates of protection motivation for secure IT behaviors: an fMRI exploration. J Assoc Inf Syst. 2016;17(3):194\u2013215.","DOI":"10.17705\/1jais.00424"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_82_1","first-page":"1","volume":"37","author":"Willison R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Willison R, Warkentin M. Beyond deterrence: an expanded view of employee computer abuse. MIS Q. 2013;37(1):1\u201320.","journal-title":"Beyond deterrence: an expanded view of employee computer abuse. MIS Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_83_1","unstructured":"Zetter K. Ashley Madison CEO Resigns in Wake of Hack. News of Affair 2015 Aug 28 [cited Apr 9 2016]. Available from http:\/\/www.wired.com\/2015\/08\/ashley-madisons-business-growing-company-says\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_1_84_1","first-page":"107","volume":"53","author":"Zhang X","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang X, Bartol KM. Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: the influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Acad Manag J. 2010;53(1):107\u2013128.","journal-title":"Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: the influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Acad Manag J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computer Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08874417.2017.1318687","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T20:26:18Z","timestamp":1769718378000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/08874417.2017.1318687"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/08874417.2017.1318687"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08874417.2017.1318687","relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-4417","2380-2057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-4417","type":"print"},{"value":"2380-2057","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope.","order":1,"name":"peerreview_statement","label":"Peer Review Statement"},{"value":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ucis20","URL":"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/action\/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=ucis20","order":2,"name":"aims_and_scope_url","label":"Aim & Scope"},{"value":"2017-05-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}