{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:15:29Z","timestamp":1777896929757,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]],"date-time":"2010-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcohol abuse and alcohol-related use problems among adolescents are highly prevalent and are a major concern worldwide. This study estimated the prevalence of drug abuse, knowledge about drug abuse and its effect on psychosocial well-being and induced behavioral problems among students of a public rural secondary school that admitted both girls and boys which offered both boarding and day school facilities. The students filled out a self-reporting substance use tool which measures the prevalence, frequency, and general patterns of substance use. Alcohol, tobacco, khat (catha edulis) and bhang (cannabis) were the most commonly reported substance of use, with user prevalence rates of 5.2%, 3.8%, 3.2%, and 1.7%, respectively. Tobacco use was initiated at 10 years, while cannabis, hard drugs, khat, and alcohol were initiated at 11, 12, 13, and 15 years of age, respectively. Among the students 71% were aware that their schoolmates were on drugs and it was known by 49.8%, 41.7%, 37.6%, 44.3%, and 32.4% of these students that using alcohol, tobacco, khat, cannabis, and hard drugs, respectively was a behavioral problem in the school. Three quarters of the students were aware that use of drugs was harmful to their health, with majority (78.6%) indicating that drug users need help to stop the drug use behavior. However most (73.6%) of the students suggested drug users in school should be punished. The drug use behavioral problems included school dropout, poor scholastic attainment, drunken driving, delinquency, and adolescence pregnancy which threaten the stability of the education system, family as an institution (family difficulties) and society at large. Therefore, teachers have an added burden of playing an active role in guidance and counselling the survivors of drug abuse, a pandemic facing teaching institutions apart from instilling knowledge.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2010.495313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,4]],"date-time":"2010-08-04T09:39:00Z","timestamp":1280914740000},"page":"170-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Drug Use in a Rural Secondary School in Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Ndetei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, and Africa Mental Health Foundation (AMHF), Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lincoln I.","family":"Khasakhala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMHF, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Mutiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AMHF, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisca A.","family":"Ongecha-Owuor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meru Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; and AMHF, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald A.","family":"Kokonya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Nairobi, Kenya, and AMHF, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08897077.2010.495313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(96)90001-2"},{"key":"bibr2-08897077.2010.495313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.90.3.328"},{"key":"bibr3-08897077.2010.495313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb03198.x"},{"key":"bibr4-08897077.2010.495313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199506000-00017"},{"key":"bibr5-08897077.2010.495313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.1995.tb03366.x"},{"key":"bibr6-08897077.2010.495313","first-page":"339","volume":"73","author":"Kuria M W","year":"1996","journal-title":"East Afr Med J."},{"key":"bibr7-08897077.2010.495313","volume-title":"Final Report of a Pilot Study in Nairobi City and Kyaume Sub-Location, Kenya","author":"Yambo M","year":"1983"},{"key":"bibr8-08897077.2010.495313","first-page":"592","volume":"77","author":"Othieno C J","year":"2000","journal-title":"East Afr Med J."},{"key":"bibr9-08897077.2010.495313","first-page":"483","volume":"83","author":"Flisher A J","year":"1993","journal-title":"S Afr Med J."},{"key":"bibr10-08897077.2010.495313","unstructured":"Flisher A J, Parry C DH, Evans J, Lombard C,  and Mueller M 1998 Prevalence rates of alcohol, tobacco and other drug (ATOD) use among Cape Town students in grades 8 and 11 Paper presented at the 4th Annual Congress of the Psychological Society of South Africa (PSYSSA). September 11 1998, Cape Town, South Africa."},{"key":"bibr11-08897077.2010.495313","volume-title":"Substance Use Among Rural Secondary Schools in Zimbabwe: Patterns and Prevalence","author":"Khan N","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr12-08897077.2010.495313","first-page":"157","volume":"16","author":"Adelekan M L","year":"1997","journal-title":"West Afr J Med."},{"key":"bibr13-08897077.2010.495313","unstructured":"WHO 1995 The Health of Young People: A Challenge and a Promise Geneva: The World Health Organization."},{"key":"bibr14-08897077.2010.495313","unstructured":"NACADA 2004 Youth in Peril: Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Kenya Nairobi, Kenya: The National Agency for the Campaign Against Drug Abuse."}],"container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2010.495313","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/08897077.2010.495313","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2010.495313","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:41:45Z","timestamp":1777624905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1080\/08897077.2010.495313"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/08897077.2010.495313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08897077.2010.495313","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-7077","1547-0164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-7077","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-0164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}}}