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The purpose of the randomized trial reported here is to compare outcomes between participants who initiated methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) prior to release from incarceration, with those who were referred to treatment at the time of release. Participants who initiated MMT prior to release were significantly more likely to enter treatment postrelease ( P &lt; .001) and for participants who did enter treatment, those who received MMT prerelease did so within fewer days ( P = .03). They also reported less heroin use ( P = .008), other opiate use ( P = .09), and injection drug use ( P = .06) at 6 months. Initiating MMT in the weeks prior to release from incarceration is a feasible and effective way to improve MMT access postrelease and to decrease relapse to opioid use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2011.609446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]],"date-time":"2012-01-20T10:57:43Z","timestamp":1327057063000},"page":"19-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["A Randomized Trial of Methadone Initiation Prior to Release from Incarceration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nickolas","family":"Zaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel L.","family":"Dickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Traci C.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amisha","family":"Parihk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Friedmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josiah D.","family":"Rich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"Brown University Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"},{"name":"The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, Rhode Island, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08897077.2011.609446","unstructured":"West H. \u201cPrison inmates at midyear 2009: statistical tables\u201d. 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