{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:40:06Z","timestamp":1791124806031,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics of comorbid psychiatric symptoms and the relationship between different routes of drug administration and psychiatric symptoms. Five hundred and nine heroin addicts were studied in Drug Detoxification and Rehabilitation Centers in Yunnan and Heilongjiang provinces of China. The measure instrument, including demographic characteristics, history of drug abuse, and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) scale (Chinese version), was administered to eligible heroin addicts. Among the subjects, comorbid psychopathology conditions were more severe on all dimensions of SCL-90 comparing with normal adults and the average score of Depression was highest among the 9 dimensions in heroin addicts; psychiatric symptoms were more severe in heroin injecting group than in \u201cchasing the dragon\u201d group and only the difference in Obsessive-Compulsive was significant, but more significant differences were found between snorting heroin addicts and chasing or injecting heroin addicts, and the average score of each dimension of SCL-90 was higher in the snorting group than in the other 2 groups. The reasons of the results and meaning for the present study are discussed. In summary, comorbid psychiatric symptoms in the heroin addicts were very common and severe and their severity varied with different routes of drug administration, suggesting that routes of drug administration should be considered as an important risk factor to mental health of heroin addicts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2011.630945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]],"date-time":"2012-04-10T11:27:37Z","timestamp":1334057257000},"page":"130-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characteristics of Psychopathology and the Relationship between Routes of Drug Administration and Psychiatric Symptoms in Heroin Addicts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Qing-Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08897077.2011.630945","unstructured":"The Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission. The number of registered drug users in China, 2009Available at:http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/gzdt\/2010-02\/01\/content_1525435.htm. Accessed June 7, 2010"},{"key":"bibr2-08897077.2011.630945","unstructured":"National Surveillance Center on Drug Abuse. 2008. Annual report on drug abuse in China [unpublished]"},{"key":"bibr3-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02927.x"},{"key":"bibr4-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2003.10.009"},{"key":"bibr5-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.94811919.x"},{"key":"bibr6-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/080394899426873"},{"key":"bibr7-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1989.tb03490.x"},{"key":"bibr8-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03022.x"},{"key":"bibr9-08897077.2011.630945","unstructured":"Grund J P,  and Blanken P. From chasing the dragon to chinezen: the diffusion of heroin smoking in the NetherlandsAvailable at:http:\/\/www.drugtext.org\/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=122%3Afrom-chasing-the-dragon-to-chinezen&Itemid=5&layout=default&lang=en. Accessed August 18, 2010"},{"key":"bibr10-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00193-X"},{"key":"bibr11-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6662.1511"},{"key":"bibr12-08897077.2011.630945","first-page":"1801","volume":"120","author":"Hungerb\u00fchler H","year":"1990","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschrift."},{"key":"bibr13-08897077.2011.630945","first-page":"236","volume":"162","author":"Hill M D","year":"2000","journal-title":"CMAJ."},{"key":"bibr14-08897077.2011.630945","first-page":"1031","volume":"4","author":"Luo W Y","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med Cardio\/Cerebrovasc Dis."},{"key":"bibr15-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60101-7"},{"key":"bibr16-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239400185391"},{"key":"bibr17-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1993.tb137822.x"},{"key":"bibr18-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7156.433"},{"key":"bibr19-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jcfm.2002.0563"},{"key":"bibr20-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.6.1461"},{"key":"bibr21-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050120000013"},{"key":"bibr22-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199808000-00018"},{"key":"bibr23-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.94343113.x"},{"key":"bibr24-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70369-X"},{"key":"bibr25-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790340045007"},{"key":"bibr26-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830130077015"},{"key":"bibr27-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-32713","volume":"29","author":"Frei A","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatr Praxis"},{"key":"bibr28-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(198903)45:2<342::AID-JCLP2270450226>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"bibr29-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089009056231"},{"key":"bibr30-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(95)00025-8"},{"key":"bibr31-08897077.2011.630945","first-page":"68","author":"Wang Z Y","year":"1984","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch Psychiatry."},{"key":"bibr32-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.128.3.280"},{"key":"bibr33-08897077.2011.630945","unstructured":"Matti Holi. Assessment of psychiatric symptoms using the SCL-90Available at:http:\/\/ethesis.helsinki.fi\/julkaisut\/laa\/kliin\/vk\/holi\/assessme.pdf. Accessed June 8, 2011"},{"key":"bibr34-08897077.2011.630945","first-page":"323","volume":"29","author":"Chen S L","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"key":"bibr35-08897077.2011.630945","first-page":"8","volume":"13","author":"Wang J S","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chin Ment Health J."},{"key":"bibr36-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.04390010039005"},{"key":"bibr37-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008322"},{"key":"bibr38-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.62704\/10057\/17537","volume":"6","author":"Steer R A","year":"1982","journal-title":"Multivar Exp Clin Res."},{"key":"bibr39-08897077.2011.630945","first-page":"260","volume":"12","author":"Jin H","year":"1986","journal-title":"Chin J Nerv Ment Dis."},{"key":"bibr40-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1992.tb01948.x"},{"key":"bibr41-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.941714.x"},{"key":"bibr42-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239800187001"},{"key":"bibr43-08897077.2011.630945","first-page":"2","volume":"6","author":"Michael G W","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brown Univ Psychopharmacol Update."},{"key":"bibr44-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.03.012"},{"key":"bibr45-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.2007.01618.x"},{"key":"bibr46-08897077.2011.630945","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Handbook of Behavioral Medical Scales","author":"Wu W Y","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr47-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02660.x"},{"key":"bibr48-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/18.6.317"},{"key":"bibr49-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/105504999305956"},{"key":"bibr50-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000152818.38001.2c"},{"key":"bibr51-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00204-0"},{"key":"bibr52-08897077.2011.630945","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/17.6.327"},{"key":"bibr53-08897077.2011.630945","first-page":"1834","volume":"97","author":"Rajs J","year":"2000","journal-title":"L\u00e4kartidningen."}],"container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2011.630945","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/08897077.2011.630945","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2011.630945","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:42:37Z","timestamp":1777624957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1080\/08897077.2011.630945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/08897077.2011.630945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08897077.2011.630945","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-7077","1547-0164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-7077","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-0164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}}}