{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:43:32Z","timestamp":1780670612828,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spice is an herbal mixture smoked for euphoria and mixed with synthetic cannabinoids that are undetected on urine drug screens. Spice use has increased in the military because it is considered legal and is not detected on urine drug screen. The authors describe 3 cases of Spice use in military members. Case 1: 19-year-old male presented with paranoia, agitation, and visual hallucinations after smoking the \u201cSpace\u201d brand of Spice. Urine thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were negative. Case 2: 19-year-old female presented with sedation, amnesia, and agitation. She smoked the \u201cSpace\u201d brand. She was alert within 3 hours of arrival. Urine GC-MS detected levorphanol. Case 3: 23-year-old male presented with delusions and paranoia. He complained of \u201cmonsters on his back.\u201d His symptoms improved in the emergency department (ED). His urine TLC and GC-MS were negative. All cases were admitted and evaluated by a toxicologist; all 3 had their history corroborated by family or friends, or with drug paraphernalia. Spice is a new herbal mixture that is increasingly used in the military. Expected effects are similar to cannabis, but may include more paranoia and hallucinations, and may differ for each brand.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2011.637610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,10]],"date-time":"2012-04-10T11:27:37Z","timestamp":1334057257000},"page":"191-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Spice: A New \u201cLegal\u201d Herbal Mixture Abused by Young Active Duty Military Personnel"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Vikhyat S.","family":"Bebarta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center\/ Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center\/ Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn M.","family":"Varney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brooke Army Medical Center\/ Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08897077.2011.637610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-10-00356"},{"key":"bibr2-08897077.2011.637610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.08.039"},{"key":"bibr3-08897077.2011.637610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2010.10.014"},{"key":"bibr4-08897077.2011.637610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.12.001"},{"key":"bibr5-08897077.2011.637610","first-page":"464","volume":"106","author":"Zimmermann U S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int."},{"key":"bibr6-08897077.2011.637610","first-page":"618","volume":"48","author":"Canning J C","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)."},{"key":"bibr7-08897077.2011.637610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA402752"},{"key":"bibr8-08897077.2011.637610","unstructured":"Department of the Navy. March 25, 2010. Drug Abuse Zero Tolerance Policy and Prohibition of Possession of Certain Substances, Washington, DC: Department of the Navy."},{"key":"bibr9-08897077.2011.637610","unstructured":"Department of the Air Force. Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment Program. Air Force Instruction 44-121 April 11, 2011. Available at: http:\/\/www.af.mil\/shared\/media\/epubs\/AFI44-121.pdf"},{"key":"bibr10-08897077.2011.637610","unstructured":"Tilghman A. Pentagon launches anti-spice campaign. Marine Corps Times, October 14, 2010. Available at: http:\/\/www.marinecorpstimes.com\/news\/2010\/10\/military-spice-pentagon-risks-101410w\/. Accessed February 16, 2012"},{"key":"bibr11-08897077.2011.637610","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.06.008"}],"container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2011.637610","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/08897077.2011.637610","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2011.637610","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:42:43Z","timestamp":1777624963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1080\/08897077.2011.637610"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/08897077.2011.637610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08897077.2011.637610","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-7077","1547-0164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-7077","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-0164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}}}