{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:16:38Z","timestamp":1777896998535,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Aims: Studies of alcohol habits in general psychiatric populations are scarce. The objective was to investigate alcohol and drug use, smoking, and gambling in a clinical sample of psychiatric outpatients. A further aim was to study age and gender differences in the rates of these habits. Methods: Data were collected among psychiatric outpatients with mainly mood (47%) and anxiety (35%) disorders. A questionnaire package was distributed, including AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), DUDIT (Drug Use Disorders Identification Test), tobacco items, and gambling items. Two major drinking categories were formed: \u201cNonhazardous alcohol use\u201d (NH) and \u201cAlcohol use above hazardous levels\u201d (AH). Results: In total, 2160 patients (65% females) responded to the questionnaire package. The AH rate was high among psychiatric outpatients (28.4%), particularly among young females (46.6%). Young female patients also reported a high prevalence of problematic drug use (13.8%). Problematic drug use, daily smoking, and problematic gambling were frequent. The unhealthy habits were linked to AH. Conclusions: Alcohol and drug use, smoking, and gambling are all highly prevalent among psychiatric outpatients. Young females are in particular need of attention. Interventions should be tailored for co-occurring psychiatric disorders and applied within routine psychiatric care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2012.728991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,11]],"date-time":"2013-01-11T18:56:59Z","timestamp":1357930619000},"page":"162-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Alcohol and Drug Use, Smoking, and Gambling among Psychiatric Outpatients: A 1-Year Prevalence Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Nehlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Gr\u00f6nbladh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Fredriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Jansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Unit, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08897077.2012.728991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(95)01160-4"},{"key":"bibr2-08897077.2012.728991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0211"},{"key":"bibr3-08897077.2012.728991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.8.807"},{"key":"bibr4-08897077.2012.728991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450190043026"},{"key":"bibr5-08897077.2012.728991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2010.24.4.412"},{"key":"bibr6-08897077.2012.728991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.01.007"},{"key":"bibr7-08897077.2012.728991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01387.x"},{"key":"bibr8-08897077.2012.728991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480701226062"},{"key":"bibr9-08897077.2012.728991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2006.57.7.1039"},{"key":"bibr10-08897077.2012.728991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713659373"},{"key":"bibr11-08897077.2012.728991","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7418.783"},{"key":"bibr12-08897077.2012.728991","unstructured":"SKL. 2010. 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