{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T03:05:19Z","timestamp":1793415919117,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]],"date-time":"2013-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clenbuterol is a \u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -agonist approved in the United States for veterinary use in nonfood animals. Clenbuterol use is emerging among bodybuilders and fitness enthusiasts attracted to the hypertrophic and lipolytic effects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Cases<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective chart review of clenbuterol exposures reported to 2 poison control centers. Misuse of clenbuterol for weight loss and bodybuilding was reported in 11 of 13 clenbuterol users. Reported clinical effects included tachycardia, widened pulse pressure, tachypnea, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, ST changes on electrocardiogram (ECG), elevated troponin, elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK), palpitations, chest pain, and tremor. Measured serum clenbuterol concentration was 2983 pg\/mL post 4.5\u00a0mg ingestion. Coingestants included T3 and anabolic steroids. Treatments included activated charcoal, benzodiazepines, \u03b2-blockers, potassium replacement, and intravenous (IV) fluid.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is an increasing use of the Internet for illicit drug use for bodybuilding and weight loss purposes. These patients may not present as the stereotype of illicit drug abusers, but as healthy athletic low-risk patients. Clinical effects persisted greater than 24\u00a0hours with evidence of myocardial injury in 2 patients. Clenbuterol is increasingly being abused within the bodybuilding subculture. These cases illustrate the hidden dangers of clenbuterol abuse among bodybuilders and fitness enthusiasts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2013.772083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]],"date-time":"2013-02-12T10:54:22Z","timestamp":1360666462000},"page":"306-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["A Descriptive Study of Adverse Events from Clenbuterol Misuse and Abuse for Weight Loss and Bodybuilding"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Henry A.","family":"Spiller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Ohio Poison Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA; and Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyla J.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Sullivan University, Louisville, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Scholzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"Borys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08897077.2013.772083","first-page":"467","volume":"27","author":"Couet W","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol."},{"key":"bibr2-08897077.2013.772083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007998509109643"},{"key":"bibr3-08897077.2013.772083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01200.x"},{"key":"bibr4-08897077.2013.772083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03160909"},{"key":"bibr5-08897077.2013.772083","unstructured":"Office of Diversion Control. Drug Enforcement Administration. Drugs and Chemicals of Concern\u2014Clenbuterol (October 2009). Available at: http:\/\/www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/drugs_concern\/clenbuterol.htm. Accessed February 7, 2012"},{"key":"bibr6-08897077.2013.772083","unstructured":"Animal Drugs @ FDA. Ventipulmin\u00ae syrup [N.D.]. Available at: http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/animaldrugsatfda\/index.cfm?gb=2. Accessed February 12, 2012"},{"key":"bibr7-08897077.2013.772083","unstructured":"World Anti-Doping Agency. WADA statement on clenbuterol (6\u201315\u20132011). Available at: http:\/\/www.wada-ama.org\/en\/Media-Center\/News-Center\/Articles\/WADA-statement-on-clenbuterol. 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