{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T14:45:08Z","timestamp":1783176308538,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Substance dependence is one of the main factors contributing to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gambling disorder has recently been included as an addictive disorder in DSM-5 ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition) and is associated with substantial psychiatric comorbidity and respective disability. Nevertheless, the vast majority of those suffering from these disorders do not receive treatment. In Israel, prevalence of substance dependence has traditionally been estimated to be lower than those in high-income countries, though prevalence estimates from the recent decade are lacking. Moreover, characteristics of individuals seeking treatment for substance dependence and gambling disorder have not been published.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, the authors analyzed data from the Israel National Addiction Registry, a computerized database that includes sociodemographic characteristics of all individuals treated in specialized public facilities for substance dependence and gambling disorders in the years 2003\u20132012.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of treatment utilization for drug and alcohol dependence and gambling disorders were 0.2%, 0.1%, and 0.01%, respectively. These rates generally remained stable throughout the last decade. Individuals seeking treatment for alcohol dependence were in the lower socioeconomic status (SES) cluster, whereas those seeking treatment for drug dependence were in the midrange SES clusters, findings that are generally in concurrence with characteristics of treatment seekers in high-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence estimates based on reports indicating that approximately 10% of individuals with substance dependence seek treatment suggest rates of alcohol dependence in Israel that are substantially higher those previously published, though still lower than most high-income countries. Nationwide epidemiologic studies exploring current rates of substance dependence and gambling disorder in Israel are urgently needed, and treatment options should be planned and funded accordingly. Potential reasons for these apparent low rates of treatment utilization for these disorders in Israel should be explored in order to improve services provided for this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2014.907860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,29]],"date-time":"2014-04-29T16:05:51Z","timestamp":1398787551000},"page":"268-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Individuals Receiving Specialized Treatment for Drug and Alcohol Dependence and Gambling Disorder in Israel\u2014Characteristics and Implications for Prevalence Estimates"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Shaul","family":"Lev-Ran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Medicine Services, Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel"},{"name":"Social and Epidemiologic Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Florentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Addiction, Ministry of Welfare and Social Services, Jerusalem, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Feingold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Medicine Services, Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social and Epidemiologic Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Addiction Policy, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Epidemiological Research Unit, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08897077.2014.907860","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000."},{"key":"bibr2-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60746-7"},{"key":"bibr3-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61611-6"},{"key":"bibr4-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"bibr5-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61138-0"},{"key":"bibr6-08897077.2014.907860","first-page":"858","volume":"82","author":"Kohn R","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ."},{"key":"bibr7-08897077.2014.907860","volume-title":"Alcohol Consumption, Alcohol Dependence, and Attributable Burden of Disease in Europe: Potential Gains from Effective Interventions for Alcohol Dependence","author":"Rehm J","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr8-08897077.2014.907860","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration. National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration; 2012."},{"issue":"420","key":"bibr9-08897077.2014.907860","first-page":"47","author":"Alonso J","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl."},{"key":"bibr10-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.12060782"},{"key":"bibr11-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0504"},{"key":"bibr12-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379804300104"},{"key":"bibr13-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.56.8.1024-a"},{"key":"bibr14-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-120002978"},{"key":"bibr15-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289807"},{"key":"bibr16-08897077.2014.907860","volume-title":"Psychiatric and Behavioral Disorders In Israel: From Epidemiology to Mental Health Action","author":"Levav I.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr17-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490590949578"},{"key":"bibr18-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.090514"},{"key":"bibr19-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02526.x"},{"key":"bibr20-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2010.00055.x","volume":"19","author":"Elman I","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Addict."},{"key":"bibr21-08897077.2014.907860","first-page":"643","volume":"143","author":"Dannon P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Harefuah."},{"key":"bibr22-08897077.2014.907860","first-page":"88","volume":"43","author":"Dannon PN","year":"2006","journal-title":"Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci."},{"key":"bibr23-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2011.00033"},{"key":"bibr24-08897077.2014.907860","first-page":"126","volume":"44","author":"Neumark YD","year":"2007","journal-title":"Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci."},{"key":"bibr25-08897077.2014.907860","unstructured":"Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Available at: http:\/\/www1.cbs.gov.il\/reader\/cw_usr_view_Folder?ID=141. Accessed December 4, 2013."},{"key":"bibr26-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2012.08.001"},{"key":"bibr27-08897077.2014.907860","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Annual Report. Luxembourg: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction; 2012."},{"key":"bibr28-08897077.2014.907860","unstructured":"Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. National Treatment Indicators Report. Ottawa: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse; 2012."},{"key":"bibr29-08897077.2014.907860","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA). Treatment Episode Data Set (TEDS) 2000\u20132010: National Admissions to Substance Abuse Treatment Services. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration; 2012. DASIS Series S-61, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 12-4701."},{"key":"bibr30-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.8.807"},{"key":"bibr31-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.06.008"},{"key":"bibr32-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.12.1618"},{"key":"bibr33-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01655.x"},{"key":"bibr34-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(03)00156-9"},{"key":"bibr35-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.06.018"},{"key":"bibr36-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(95)00041-0"},{"key":"bibr37-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.603"},{"key":"bibr38-08897077.2014.907860","unstructured":"National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse. Statistics from the National Drug Treatment Monitoring System (NDTMS). Manchester, UK: Department of Health; 2012."},{"key":"bibr39-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.9.1500"},{"key":"bibr40-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490600625269"},{"key":"bibr41-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.10.3.216"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr42-08897077.2014.907860","first-page":"S135","volume":"117","author":"Galea S","year":"2002","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"bibr43-08897077.2014.907860","volume-title":"Statistics on Drug Misuse, England","author":"Eastwood P.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr44-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050098"},{"key":"bibr45-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-120029869"},{"key":"bibr46-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.06.005"},{"key":"bibr47-08897077.2014.907860","unstructured":"The World Bank. Country and Lending Groups. Available at: http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/about\/country-classifications. Accessed November 26, 2013."},{"key":"bibr48-08897077.2014.907860","volume-title":"Alcohol in Europe\u2014A Public Health Perspective","author":"Andersen P","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr49-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010261713092"},{"key":"bibr50-08897077.2014.907860","volume-title":"Psychoactive Substance Use in Israel","author":"Bar-Hamburger R","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr51-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckp177"},{"key":"bibr52-08897077.2014.907860","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.2.297"}],"container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2014.907860","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/08897077.2014.907860","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2014.907860","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:44:46Z","timestamp":1777625086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1080\/08897077.2014.907860"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/08897077.2014.907860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08897077.2014.907860","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-7077","1547-0164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-7077","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-0164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}}}