{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:17:19Z","timestamp":1777897039495,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427846400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tropicamide is an antimuscarinic ophthalmic solution used to produce short-acting mydriasis and cycloplegia. Topical abuse of ophthalmic solutions has been reported, but intravenous (IV) abuse of tropicamide seems to be a new phenomenon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Cases<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors present 2 patients with concomitant IV tropicamide abuse and opioid use disorder. Patients were hospitalized and started on buprenorphine\/naloxone treatment for opioid withdrawal. Patients\u2019 reports about tropicamide effects are remarkable, as they claimed that tropicamide increased the efficacy of heroin while decreasing and delaying the withdrawal symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although anticholinergics have been known to be abused for their euphoric effects, these cases\u2019 motivation to use tropicamide seemed to extend beyond its euphoric effect and was also based on its interaction with heroin. It is feared that tropicamide abuse may become more frequent. Health professionals should be aware of this trend so that symptoms of misuse and intoxication can be recognized, and ophthalmologists should consider the abuse potential of anticholinergic eye drops when prescribing them.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2014.924465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]],"date-time":"2014-06-03T15:16:46Z","timestamp":1401808606000},"page":"170-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Intravenous Abuse of Tropicamide in Opioid Use Disorder: Presentation of 2 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Muge","family":"Bozkurt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vahap","family":"Karabulut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuneyt","family":"Evren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Seker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hicret","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Treatment and Training Center for Alcohol and Substance Dependence (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2011.0253"},{"key":"bibr2-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.10.020"},{"key":"bibr3-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-199605030-00005"},{"key":"bibr4-08897077.2014.924465","first-page":"351","volume":"41","author":"Smith JM.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Psychiatry."},{"key":"bibr5-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.51.7.928"},{"key":"bibr6-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e31828da20e"},{"key":"bibr7-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.013"},{"key":"bibr8-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2008.07.003"},{"key":"bibr9-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199205143262015"},{"key":"bibr10-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3181dd4f90"},{"key":"bibr11-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1975.01010020446011"},{"key":"bibr12-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03342.x"},{"key":"bibr13-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5949.2010.00142.x"},{"key":"bibr14-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0631749100"},{"key":"bibr15-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(93)90035-2"},{"key":"bibr16-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.162371899"},{"key":"bibr17-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(91)90145-2"},{"key":"bibr18-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(02)02133-8"},{"key":"bibr19-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0844-6"},{"key":"bibr20-08897077.2014.924465","first-page":"2763","volume":"61","author":"Giannini AJ.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician."},{"key":"bibr21-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050652"},{"key":"bibr22-08897077.2014.924465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0047-20852010000100012"},{"key":"bibr23-08897077.2014.924465","unstructured":"T.C. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130la\u00e7 ve Eczac\u0131l\u0131k Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2018n\u00fcn 28 Nisan 2011 tarih ve B.10.0.\u0130EG.0.15.00.02 say\u0131l\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131. Available at: http:\/\/www.teb.org.tr\/images\/upld2\/haberler\/fnQ20110504163625GOZ.pdf. 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