{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:17:43Z","timestamp":1777897063324,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Obesity and substance use are major concern in young people\n                      <jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold>\n                      This study explored the bidirectional longitudinal relationships between the body mass index (BMI) of young men and their use of (1) 4 classes of nonmedical prescription drugs; (2) alcohol; (3) tobacco; and (4) cannabis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Baseline and follow-up data from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors were used (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 5007). A cross-lagged panel model, complemented by probit models as sensitivity analysis, was run to determine the bidirectional relationships between BMI and substance use. Alcohol was assessed using risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD); tobacco, using daily smoking; and cannabis, using hazardous cannabis use (defined as twice-weekly or more cannabis use). Nonmedical prescription drugs use (NMPDU) included opioid analgesics, sedatives\/sleeping pills, anxiolytics, and stimulants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Different associations were found between BMI and substance use. Only RSOD (\u03b2 = \u2212.053,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .005) and NMPDU of anxiolytics (\u03b2 = .040,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .020) at baseline significantly predicted BMI at follow-up. Baseline RSOD predicted a lower BMI at follow-up, whereas baseline NMPDU of anxiolytics predicted higher BMI at follow-up. Furthermore, BMI at baseline significantly predicted daily smoking (\u03b2 = .050,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .007) and hazardous cannabis use (\u03b2 = .058,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .030).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec sec-type=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest different associations between BMI and the use of various substances by young men. However, only RSOD and NMPDU of anxiolytics predicted BMI, whereas BMI predicted daily smoking and hazardous cannabis use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2015.1013204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,16]],"date-time":"2015-03-16T17:40:02Z","timestamp":1426527602000},"page":"190-196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bidirectional Relationship between the Body Mass Index and Substance Use in Young Men"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Alexandra A.","family":"N'Goran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Studer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Deline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yves","family":"Henchoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Baggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meichun","family":"Mohler-Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Bernard","family":"Daeppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Gmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Addiction Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027358"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Swiss Health Survey","author":"Swiss Federal Statistical Office","year":"2007","unstructured":"Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 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