{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:18:12Z","timestamp":1777897092893,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Prevention of unintentional opioid overdose deaths is effective through overdose prevention trainings (OPTs), in which laypersons are taught overdose response through six actions. This longitudinal study examines trainee knowledge 12 months after OPT completion. Methods: Participants were enrolled following OPT at six sites. At the 12-month follow-up, participants were asked to name the drug overdoses that naloxone reverses and name overdose response actions. A 6-point scale was created and was comprised of the number of correct overdose response actions mentioned (check breathing; administer sternum rub; call 911; give rescue breathing; administer naloxone; put victim in recovery position). Mean knowledge was compared by participant sociodemographic characteristics, confidence, and site of OPT training (indoors versus outdoors). Results: Of 344 OPT participants, 273 were reached at 12 months. Nearly all (99%) participants identified that naloxone reverses heroin overdoes; 77% identified that naloxone reverses opioid analgesics overdoses; and 68% identified that naloxone reverses methadone overdoses. Overdose response actions most frequently mentioned were giving naloxone (86%) and calling 911 (76%). The remaining four actions were mentioned by less than 40% of participants. Overall mean knowledge score was 2.7 out of 6. Mean knowledge scores were higher for college graduates than those with less than college education (3.2 vs 2.6, P &lt; 0.001), for those who felt very confident (mean score [ms] = 2.9), compared to somewhat confident (ms = 2.4) and a little or not at all confident (ms = 1.5) in their ability to reverse an overdose ( P &lt; .001), and for indoor-training recipients (3.0 vs 2.5, P = 0.02). There were no differences in mean knowledge scores for trainees by age, race, or gender. Conclusions: These findings suggest the need for several improvements in OPT curriculum, including emphasis on naloxone reversal of opioid analgesic and methadone overdoses, and all 6 rescue actions. Lower knowledge scores among outdoor-trained participants likely reflect session brevity, suggesting that outdoor trainings need to be enhanced.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2015.1135850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T16:47:57Z","timestamp":1452012477000},"page":"459-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of Overdose Prevention Trainings in New York City: Knowledge and Self-Efficacy among Participants 12 Months after Training"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Lara","family":"Maldjian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Alcohol and Drug Use Prevention, Care and Treatment, Queens, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Siegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Correctional Health Services, NYC Health + Hospitals, New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hillary V.","family":"Kunins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Alcohol and Drug Use Prevention, Care and Treatment, Queens, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08897077.2015.1135850","unstructured":"Paone D, Tuazon E, Bradley O'Brien D, Nolan M. Unintentional drug poisoning (overdose) deaths involving opioids in New York City, 2000\u20132013. Epi Data Brief. 2014;(50):1\u20134. www.nyc.gov\/html\/doh\/downloads\/pdf\/epi\/databrief50.pdf. Accessed February 2015."},{"key":"bibr2-08897077.2015.1135850","unstructured":"Paone D, Tuazon E, Nolan M, Mantha S. Unintentional drug poisoning (overdose) deaths involving opioids in New York City, 2000\u20132014. Epi Data Brief. 2015;(66):1\u20132. http:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/html\/doh\/downloads\/pdf\/epi\/databrief66.pdf. Accessed December 2015."},{"key":"bibr3-08897077.2015.1135850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.012809.103604"},{"key":"bibr4-08897077.2015.1135850","volume-title":"Educational Psychology: Developing Learners","author":"Ormrod Jeanne E","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr5-08897077.2015.1135850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jti052"},{"key":"bibr6-08897077.2015.1135850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02314.x"},{"key":"bibr7-08897077.2015.1135850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000034"},{"key":"bibr8-08897077.2015.1135850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.009"},{"key":"bibr9-08897077.2015.1135850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.007"},{"key":"bibr10-08897077.2015.1135850","unstructured":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Epidemiology Services. Community Health Survey. http:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/html\/doh\/downloads\/pdf\/episrv\/chs2013survey.pdf. Published 2013. Accessed April 23, 2015."},{"key":"bibr11-08897077.2015.1135850","unstructured":"Wheeler E, Burk K, McQuie H, Stancliff S. Guide to Developing and Managing Overdose Prevention and Take-Home Naloxone Projects. New York, NY: Harm Reduction Coalition; 2012:58\u201359. http:\/\/harmreduction.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/od-manual-final-links.pdf. Accessed April 23, 2015."},{"key":"bibr12-08897077.2015.1135850","unstructured":"Li C. Does Self-efficacy contribute to knowledge sharing and innovation effectiveness? A multi-level perspective. Presented at Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS). Held on Jeju Island, Korea, June 18\u201322, 2013."}],"container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2015.1135850","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1080\/08897077.2015.1135850","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1080\/08897077.2015.1135850","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:47:11Z","timestamp":1777625231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1080\/08897077.2015.1135850"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1080\/08897077.2015.1135850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08897077.2015.1135850","relation":{},"ISSN":["0889-7077","1547-0164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0889-7077","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-0164","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}}}