{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:18:30Z","timestamp":1777897110157,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Substance Abuse"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Prior studies have reported on the pregnancies and outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in special subpopulations; however, there is a lack of studies on opioid-exposed IVF-conceived neonates. Case Presentation: A young adult IVF-pregnant woman was maintained on buprenorphine throughout pregnancy and received follow-up from the addiction clinic from estimated gestational week 32. She delivered healthy dichorionic twins via cesarean section at 38 weeks gestational age (buprenorphine dose at time of delivery: 16 mg). All maternal supervised urinalysis taken as of gestational week 32 were negative for concomitant substances (prior to treatment initiation at the addiction clinic, only self-reports of abstinence from concomitant substances were available). Both healthy children (male birth weight: 3140\u00a0g, female birth weight: 2650 g) developed an unusual course of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) requiring extensive treatment (total morphine dose male: 22\u00a0mg, and female: 26.75 mg; length of treatment: 33 and 34\u00a0days, respectively; duration of hospitalization: 40 days). Discussion: The highly severe and long-lasting NAS in both neonates represents a very unusual course following an uneventful pregnancy, and influencing iatrogenic factors cannot be ruled out. Given the multiple variables influencing infant outcomes, this highlights the importance of high-quality, evidence-based standard operating procedures, which (1) are initiated as early as possible during pregnancy to minimize risk factors for adverse infant outcomes, such as concomitant substance use during pregnancy; (2) support the substance-dependent woman throughout the postpartum period, especially in cases of multiple and\/or IVF-conceived pregnancies, where additional challenges may arise; and (3) consider the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2016.1184738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T13:48:14Z","timestamp":1462888094000},"page":"501-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Monitoring Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in Buprenorphine-Exposed in Vitro Fertilization Twins: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Brandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Swoboda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Unger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical 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